1. Ultrasonic navigation and positioning skills
The principle of operation of ultrasonic navigation and positioning is also similar to that of laser and infrared, usually by the emitting probe of the ultrasonic sensor emitting ultrasonic waves, which encounter obstacles in the medium and return to the receiving equipment.
After accepting the ultrasonic reflection signal emitted by itself, according to the time difference and transmission speed of ultrasonic announcement and echo acceptance, the transmission interval S can be calculated, and the interval from the obstacle to the robot can be obtained, that is, there is a formula: S=Tv/2 formula, T - the time difference between ultrasonic emission and acceptance; v—The velocity of the wave transmitted by the ultrasonic wave in the medium.
Because ultrasonic sensors have the advantages of low cost, fast information collection rate, and high interval resolution, they have been widely used in the navigation and positioning of mobile robots for a long time. In addition, it does not require messy image equipment skills when collecting environmental information, so the ranging speed is fast and real-time.
2. Visual navigation and positioning skills
In the visual navigation and positioning system, the navigation method of the vehicle camera in the robot is now used more at home and abroad. In this navigation method, the control equipment and sensing equipment are loaded on the robot car body, and the high-level resolution plan such as image recognition and route planning are completed by the vehicle-mounted control computer.
The operating principle of the visual navigation and positioning system is to carry out optical processing on the surrounding environment of the robot, first use the camera to collect image information, compress the collected information, and then feed it back to a learning subsystem composed of neural networks and statistical methods, and then link the collected image information with the actual position of the robot by the learning subsystem, and complete the autonomous navigation and positioning function of the robot.
3. GPS global positioning system
Nowadays, in the use of navigation and positioning skills of intelligent robots, the pseudo-range differential dynamic positioning method is generally adopted, and four GPS satellites are jointly observed by the reference receiver and the dynamic receiver, and the three-dimensional position coordinates of the robot at a certain time and moment can be obtained according to a certain algorithm. Differential dynamic positioning eliminates star clock errors, and for users who are 1000 km apart from reference stations, they can eliminate star clock errors and tropospheric errors, so that the dynamic positioning accuracy can be significantly improved.
4. Light reflection navigation and positioning skills
Typical light reflection navigation and positioning methods mainly use laser or infrared sensors to measure distance. Both laser and infrared use light reflection skills for navigation and positioning.
The laser global positioning system is generally composed of laser rotation organization, mirror, photoelectric receiving equipment and data collection and transmission equipment. Although infrared sensing positioning also has the advantages of high sensitivity, simple structure and low cost, because of their high angular resolution and low interval resolution, they are often used as proximity sensors in mobile robots to detect near or sudden motion obstacles, which is convenient for robots to stop urgently.
5. Now the mainstream robot positioning skill is SLAM skill
Most of the industry's leading service robot companies have adopted SLAM skills. SLAMTEC is the only technology that has a unique advantage in SLAM skills, but what is SLAM skills? Simply put, SLAM skills refer to the whole process of positioning, mapping, and route planning completed by robots in an unknown environment.
SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping), since it was proposed in 1988, has been mainly used to study the intelligence of robot movement. With regard to the completely unknown indoor environment, equipped with core sensors such as lidar, SLAM skills can help robots build indoor environment maps and help robots walk autonomously.
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