From the perspective of mechanical structure, industrial robots can be divided into single-axis robots, coordinate robots, horizontal multi-joint robots (SCARA), straight multi-joint robots and parallel robots (DELTA), etc., and the following five types are clarified in order.
1. Single-axis robot
Single-axis robots are generally divided into two transmission methods, one is ball screw transmission, and the other is synchronous toothed belt (abbreviation: synchronous belt) transmission, both of which are guided by linear guide rails, and cooperate with servo motors or stepper motors to complete positioning, transfer, transfer and so on in different application areas. Through different combination styles, it can also complete the combination of two axes, three axes, and gantry types.
The application scope of single-axis robots includes semiconductors, home appliances, medical, cars, packaging, dispensing machines, welding, cutting, testing and other automation applications, and Taiwan's Shangyin Technology ranks among the top three in the world in single-axis robot shopping malls.
2. Right-angle coordinate robot
The right-angle coordinate robot is based on X, Y, and Z right-angle coordinates, and works or moves within the length range of each coordinate, which is suitable for transferring, pick-and-place and other operations, and can be applied to the injection molding machine to take out the arm, move and position, stack, lock the screw, cutting, clamping, pressing, inserting, assembly, automatic pharmacy, etc.
There are about 80 robot-related companies in Taiwan, and more than 40 of them can be engaged in the planning and development of coordinate robot-related equipment, and the key components used are highly localized. Among the robotic arms for the removal of injection molding machines, Tianxing Automation (Alfa) and Taiwan Jingrui (Apex) are the leading players in this field, and have a certain market share in Chinese mainland.
3. Horizontal multi-joint (SCARA) robots
Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm; Abbreviated as SCARA), it is a special type of industrial robot with cylindrical coordinates. There are generally 4 degrees of freedom, including translation along the X, Y, Z direction and rotation about the Z axis.
SCARA robots are characterized by small loads and high speeds, so they are mainly used in 3C occupations such as rapid sorting and precision assembly, or in food occupations. For example, in the IC industry, the transfer of wafers, the transfer of panels, the transport of circuit boards, and the penetration and assembly of electronic components can all be traced by SCARA robots. Foreign manufacturers include EPSON, IAI, DENSO and other Japanese manufacturers. Domestic manufacturers include Delta Electric, Dongyouda, and Shangyin.
4. Straight multi-joint robot
Straight articulated robots with a suitably high degree of freedom for work on any trajectory or viewpoint. It has the characteristics of three-dimensional motion, can achieve high-order nonlinear motion, is now the most widely used automatic mechanical device, often used in car manufacturers, car components and electronics-related industries.
Shanghai Bank Technology, Hezhu Technology, and Hon Hai Group have all launched their own brands of six-axis multi-articulated robots at the International Robot Exhibition, but the Harmonic Drive, a key component, still needs to be imported from abroad, so it is less competitive in price.
5. Parallel (DELTA) robots
The parallel robot, also known as the DELTA robot, drives the driving arm and the forced arm to the end platform through three sets of power structures on the upper platform to displace, and can be equipped with a fourth axis at the end or connected to the fourth axis from the upper platform as the rotation axis.
Because of its simple structure, it can reach the shortest distance in movement, and the mechanism is also simple and miniaturized, and can reach high-speed and high-precision control, so it is mainly used in high-speed pick-and-place, screening operations, and is mainly used in the food industry, electronic inspection, pharmaceutical, packaging and other purposes. In general, a parallel robot can replace 4-6 manpower to assist users to effectively increase production power and reduce production costs.
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