From the perspective of mechanical structure, industrial robots can be divided into single-axis robots, coordinate robots, horizontal multi-joint robots (SCARA), straight multi-joint robots and parallel robots (DELTA), etc., and the following five types are explained in order.
1. Single-axis robot
Single-axis robots are generally divided into two transmission modes, one is ball screw transmission, and the other is synchronous toothed belt (abbreviation: synchronous belt) transmission, both of which are guided by linear guide rails, and cooperate with servo motors or stepper motors to complete positioning, transfer, transfer and so on in different application categories. Through different combination styles, it can also complete the combination of two-axis, three-axis and gantry.
The application scope of single-axis robots covers semiconductors, home appliances, medical, cars, packaging, dispensing machines, welding, cutting, testing and other automated applications, and Taiwan's Shangyin Technology ranks among the top three in the world in the single-axis robot market.
2. Right-angle coordinate robot
The right-angle coordinate robot is based on X, Y, and Z right-angle coordinates, and carries out operations or movements within the length range of each coordinate, which is suitable for transferring, pick-and-place and other operations, and can be applied to the injection molding machine to take out the arm, move and position, stack, lock screw, cut, clamp, press-in, insert, install, active pharmacy, etc.
There are about 80 robot-related companies in Taiwan, and more than 40 are engaged in the design and development of coordinate robot-related equipment, and the key components used are highly localized. Among the robotic arms for the removal of injection molding machines, Tianxing Automation (ALFA) and Taiwan Elite (Apex) are the pioneers in this field, and have a certain market share in the Chinese mainland.
3. Horizontal multi-joint (SCARA) robots
Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm; Abbreviated as SCARA), it is a special type of industrial robot with cylindrical coordinates. There are generally 4 degrees of freedom, including translation along the X, Y, and Z directions, and rotation about the Z axis.
SCARA robots are characterized by small loads and high speeds, so they are mainly used in 3C industries such as rapid sorting and fine installation, or in the food industry. For example, in the IC industry, the transfer of wafers, the transfer of panels, the transportation of circuit boards, and the insertion and assembly of electronic components can all be traced by SCARA robots. Foreign manufacturers include EPSON, IAI, DENSO and other Japanese manufacturers. Domestic manufacturers include Delta Electric, Dongyouda, and Shangyin.
4. Straight multi-joint robot
Straight articulated robots with a suitably high degree of freedom are suitable for work on any trajectory or viewpoint. It has the characteristics of three-dimensional motion, can achieve high-order nonlinear motion, is now the most widely used automatic mechanical equipment, often used in car manufacturers, car components and electronic related industries.
Shanghai Bank Technology, Hezhu Technology and Hon Hai Group have all launched their own brands of six-axis multi-articulated robots at the World Robot Exhibition, but the Harmonic Drive, a key component, still needs to be imported from abroad, so it is not competitive in price.
5. Parallel (DELTA) robots
The parallel robot, also known as the DELTA robot, drives the active arm and the passive arm to the end channel through three sets of power structures of the upper channel, and can be equipped with a fourth axis at the end or connected to the fourth axis as a rotation axis from the upper channel.
Because of its simple structure, it can achieve the shortest journey in movement, and the organization is also simple and miniaturized, and can achieve high-speed and high-precision control, so it is mainly used in high-speed pick-and-place, screening operations, mainly used in the food industry, electronic inspection, pharmaceutical, packaging and other purposes. In general, a parallel robot can replace 4-6 manpower to help users effectively increase production power and reduce production costs.
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