Communication servo motors are usually single-phase asynchronous motors, with two structural modes: squirrel cage rotor and cup rotor. Like ordinary motors, AC servo motors are also composed of stators and rotors.
There are two windings on the stator, namely the excitation winding and the control winding, and the two windings are separated by 90° in space.
The frame for fixing and maintaining the stator is generally made of duralumin or stainless steel. The rotor of the cage rotor communication servo motor is the same as that of the general three-phase cage motor.
The cup rotor communication servo motor is composed of three parts: the outer stator, the cup rotor and the inner stator. Its outer stator is the same as the cage rotor communication servo motor, and the rotor is made of non-magnetic conductive material (such as copper or aluminum) in the shape of a coreless, and the bottom of the cup is fixed on the rotating shaft 7. The walls of the coreless are thin (less than 0.5mm), so the rolling inertia is small. The inner stator is made of silicon steel sheets, fixed on an end cover 1 and 8, and there is no winding on the inner stator, which is only used for magnetic circuit.
When the motor is working, the inner and outer stators do not move, as long as the cup rotor rolls in the air gap between the inner and outer stator. For communication servo motors with small output power, the excitation winding and the control winding are often placed separately in the slots of the inner and outer stator cores.
There is no essential difference between the working principle of a communication servo motor and a single-phase induction motor. However, the communication servo motor must have a function, that is, it can overcome the so-called "rotation" phenomenon of the communication servo motor, that is, when there is no control signal, it should not roll, especially when it is already rolling, if the control signal disappears, it should be able to stop rolling immediately. After the general induction motor rolls up, if the control signal disappears, it often continues to roll.
When the motor is in an aborted state, if the control winding does not add the control voltage, as long as the excitation winding is energized, a pulsating magnetic field will occur. It is possible to treat a pulsating magnetic field as two circular rotating magnetic fields. These two circular rotating magnetic fields rotate in opposite directions with the same size and speed, and the positive and rotating rotating magnetic fields that are established cut through the cage-type winding (or cup-shaped wall) and induce the same size and opposite phase electromotive force and current (or eddy current), these currents are separated from the torque of their respective magnetic fields and are also equal to each other, and the direction is opposite, and the component torque is zero, and the servo motor rotor cannot rotate. As soon as there is a deviation signal in the control system, the control winding is subjected to the corresponding control voltage.
In general, the magnetic field that occurs inside the motor is an elliptical rotating magnetic field. An elliptical rotating magnetic field can be thought of as being composed of two circular rotating magnetic fields.
The amplitude of these two circular rotating magnetic fields is unequal (the positive magnetic field that is the same as the original elliptic rotating magnetic field is larger, and the rotating magnetic field opposite to the original rotation is smaller), but rotates in opposite directions at the same speed.
The electric potential and current induced by the rotor winding and the electromagnetic torque that occurs are also in opposite directions, and the size is different (the positive rotation is large, the rotation is small) and the composition torque is not zero, so the servo motor rolls up in the direction of the forward magnetic field, and with the enhancement of the signal, the magnetic field is close to the circle, and the positive magnetic field and its torque increase at this moment, the rotary magnetic field and its torque decrease, and the component torque becomes larger, if the load torque remains unchanged, the speed of the rotor increases. If the phase of the operating voltage is changed, i.e. the phase is shifted by 180o, the direction of the rotating magnetic field is reversed, and the direction of the resulting component torque is also reversed, and the servo motor will rotate. If the control signal disappears, as long as the current is passed through the excitation winding, the magnetic field generated by the servo motor will be a pulsating magnetic field, and the rotor will stop quickly. In order to make the communication servo motor have the function of aborting the rolling immediately after the control signal disappears, the rotor resistance is made particularly large, so that its critical slip rate Sk is greater than 1. During the operation of the motor, if the control signal drops to "zero", the excitation current still exists, and a pulsating magnetic field occurs in the air gap, which can be regarded as a composition of a forward rotating magnetic field and a reverse rotating magnetic field.
The torque-speed characteristic curves 1 and 2 of the forward and reverse rotating magnetic fields after cutting the rotor conductor are plotted, and their composition characteristic curves 3 are drawn. Assuming that the motor is originally driven by a single positive rotating magnetic field, the load moment is . Once the control signal disappears, the air gap magnetic field is converted into a pulsating magnetic field, which can be regarded as a composition of the forward rotating magnetic field and the reverse rotating magnetic field, and the motor runs according to the composition characteristic curve 3.
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