First, the working principle is different
Stepper motor controller: It is an electronic product that can send out a uniform pulse signal, and the signal it sends out enters the stepper motor driver, which will be converted by the driver into a strong current signal required by the stepper motor to drive the stepper motor to run. The stepper motor controller can accurately control the stepper motor to turn every angle. The driver receives a pulse signal, and every time a pulse is received, the driver will give the motor a pulse to make the motor turn at a fixed angle, because of this feature, the stepper motor will be widely used in various industries.
Servo motor controller: It is a controller used to control servo motors, which is similar to the function of an inverter acting on an ordinary AC motor, which is a part of the servo system and is mainly used in high-precision positioning systems. Generally, the servo motor is controlled by position, speed and torque to achieve high-precision transmission system positioning, which is currently a high-end product of transmission technology.
Second, the composition is also different
1. The three major circuits of the stepper motor controller
Motor drive circuit: The stepper motor drive circuit is designed on the basis of the H-bridge circuit. The use of discrete components MOS tube to build a double H bridge drive circuit is a mature motor control scheme, the circuit is not complicated, according to the different MOS tubes, the upper limit of the working current can even be as high as tens of amperes, is an ideal stepper motor driver scheme.
Motor parameter measurement circuit: The motor current sampling resistor is selected Kang Copper resistor, one end is connected to the bottom of the H bridge, and the other end is connected to GND. The voltage and current signal conditioning circuit is built with LM324 op amp, and the voltage is followed and sent to the MCU, and the MCU has a built-in 10Bit A/D converter for A/D sampling. The temperature monitoring of the chassis uses a digital temperature chip DS18B20, which is attached to the surface of the motor shell, and the temperature parameters are monitored in real time and sent to the MCU.
Power supply and MCU control circuit: the drive circuit in the system is powered by input voltage, MCU and Bluetooth module need an additional 3.3V voltage power supply, the traditional linear regulator has low efficiency, large size and serious heating, so the DC-DC switching power supply mode is used to provide 3.3V voltage to ensure the normal operation of the device.
2. The circuit composition of the servo motor controller
Motor rectifier circuit: the main topological circuit of the rectifier unit is a three-phase full-bridge uncontrolled rectifier circuit, which is essentially a series connection of a group of common cathodes and a group of three-phase half-wave controllable rectifier circuits of common anodes, and it is customary to call the three intercrystalline transistors connected together by the cathode as the common cathode group; The three thyristors connected together by the anodes are called common anode groups.
Power drive circuit: The power drive unit generally adopts an intelligent power module, which rectifies the input three-phase electricity or mains power through the three-phase full-bridge rectifier circuit to obtain the corresponding DC. The power unit is a high-voltage inverter component that uses power electronic devices for rectification, filtering, and inverter, which is mainly composed of rectifier bridge, thyristor, electrolytic capacitor, IGBT and other devices. The whole process of the power drive unit can be simply said to be the process of AC-DC-AC.
Motor control circuit: The main circuit adopts the digital signal processor as the control core, which can realize more complex control algorithms and carry out intelligent control.
Third, the application field has its own characteristics
Servo drives are widely used in the field of injection molding machines, textile machinery, packaging machinery, CNC machine tools, etc. Stepper motor is mainly used in some occasions with positioning requirements, such as wire cutting table dragging, tufting machine workbench, packaging machine. It can also be used in ATM machines, inkjet printers, cutting plotters, photo machines, spraying equipment, medical instruments and equipment, computer peripherals and mass storage equipment, precision instruments, industrial control systems, office automation, robots and other fields.
Whether it is a stepper motor controller or a servo motor controller, their characteristics determine the application, and they have their own space to play in the field of industrial control, and the future with the advancement of "Industry 4.0", the application prospect is limitless.
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