In the welding process, the shielding capacity is most commonly used in four gases - oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide and helium. Each of these gases has its own unique elements and characteristics, such as specific welding arc stability, desired characteristics, cost, and availability, which are all factors to consider when picking the right maintenance gas.
Oxygen (O2)
Oxygen is an active gas and is generally used in a share of less than 9%. When used in combination with argon, many advantages can be obtained, including arc stability, weld pool fluidity and weld seam penetration. These advantages are most significant when materials such as low alloys, stainless steels, and carbon are welded. Oxygen is responsible for the oxidation of welding metals, so avoid using it with copper, aluminum, magnesium and other similar metals.
Argon (Ar)
Argon has stable arc characteristics, making it an ideal maintenance gas for use with metals such as titanium, magnesium and aluminum. When welding carbon steel, argon in combination with carbon dioxide (standard mixtures range between 75 and 95 percent argon and 5 to 25 percent carbon dioxide) is an ideal maintenance gas. The benefits of this combination include reduced finishing, consistency in appearance and weld quality, and ideal manipulation of the weld pool. Due to its limited penetration dispersion, argon is critical in butt and fillet welds.
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Although carbon dioxide has many advantages over other gases, it also has some disadvantages. In addition to being the least expensive gas for welding carbon steel, CO2 is still the most widely used reactive gas in the welding process. Another advantage of using CO2 is that it does not require a rated inert gas. Carbon dioxide is the maintenance gas of choice when working with thicker materials that must be welded, as it allows the weld to penetrate deeply.
Carbon dioxide has a prehistoric reputation for increasing spatter. However, advances in arc welder skills have greatly reduced the occurrence of spatter when welding with 100% CO2, and these economical welders are even capable of welding very thin carbon steels.
Helium
When non-ferrous metal welding is required, helium is generally the maintenance gas of choice. Helium is also often added to argon gas along with carbon dioxide to weld stainless steel. Helium occurs deep and wide penetrating generalizations and is generally used for thick data. In general, helium is used in a share of 25% to 75%, and the rest is argon. Helium is more expensive than other maintenance gases and requires higher flow rates than argon. Before helium was used, the welder needed to guarantee that any proceeds would offset the nominal expense.
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