The principle of ABB inverter is to use the on-off effect of power semiconductor devices to convert the power supply into another frequency of electric energy control device. The main circuit of the inverter can be roughly divided into two categories [1]: the voltage type is the inverter that converts the DC of the voltage source into AC, the filter of the DC loop is the capacitor current type is the inverter that converts the DC of the current source into AC, and the DC loop filter is the inductance. It consists of three parts: a "rectifier" that converts the power supply into DC power, a "flat wave circuit" that absorbs the voltage ripples generated by the converter and inverter, and an "inverter" that converts DC power into AC power.
rectifier
Recently, diode converters have been widely used, which convert the power supply to DC power. It is also possible to form a reversible converter with two sets of product tube converters, which can be regenerated due to their reversible power direction. The flat wave circuit contains a pulsating voltage 6 times the frequency of the power supply in the DC voltage after the rectifier is rectified, and the pulsating current generated by the inverter also causes the DC voltage to fluctuate. In order to suppress voltage fluctuations, inductors and capacitors are used to absorb pulsating voltages (currents). If the capacity of the device is small, if there is a margin between the power supply and the main circuit components, a simple flat-wave circuit can be used without inductance.
inverter
Contrary to the rectifier, the inverter converts the DC power into the AC power of the required frequency, and turns on and off the 6 switching devices at a determined time to obtain a 3-phase AC output. Take a voltage-type PWM inverter as an example to show the switching time and voltage waveform. The control circuit is a circuit that provides control signals to the main circuit of the asynchronous motor power supply (voltage and frequency adjustable), which has a frequency and voltage "operation circuit", a voltage and current detection circuit of the main circuit, a "speed detection circuit" of the motor, a "driving circuit" that amplifies the control signal of the operation circuit, and a "protection circuit" of the inverter and the motor.
(1) Calculation circuit: Compare the external speed and torque instructions with the current and voltage signals of the detection circuit to determine the output voltage and frequency of the inverter.
(2) Voltage and current detection circuit: isolated from the main circuit potential to detect voltage, current, etc.
(3) Drive circuit: the circuit that drives the main circuit device. It is isolated from the control circuit and turns off the main circuit device.
(4) Speed detection circuit: The signal of the speed detector (TG, PLG, etc.) installed on the shaft of the asynchronous motor is the speed signal, which is sent to the operation loop, and the motor can be made to run according to the command speed according to the instruction and calculation.
(5) Protection circuit: detect the voltage and current of the main circuit, and when overload or overvoltage and other abnormalities occur, in order to prevent damage to the inverter and asynchronous motor, the inverter will stop working or suppress the voltage and current value.
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