At present, the mainstream servo drives all use digital signal processors (DSPs) as the control core, which can realize more complex control algorithms and realize digitalization, networking and intelligence. The power device generally adopts the drive circuit designed with the intelligent power module (IPM) as the core, and the IPM integrates the driving circuit inside, and has fault detection and protection circuits such as overvoltage, overcurrent, overtemperature, and undervoltage, and also adds a soft-start circuit in the main circuit to reduce the impact of the start-up process on the driver. The power drive unit first rectifies the input three-phase electricity or mains power through the three-phase full-bridge rectifier circuit to obtain the corresponding direct current. After the rectified three-phase electricity or mains power, the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous AC servo motor is driven by the frequency conversion of the three-phase sinusoidal PWM voltage inverter. The whole process of the power drive unit can be simply said to be the process of AC-DC-AC. The main topology circuit of the rectifier unit (AC-DC) is the three-phase full-bridge uncontrolled rectifier circuit.
With the large-scale application of servo system, the use of servo drive, servo drive debugging, and servo drive maintenance are all important technical topics of servo drive today, and more and more industrial control technology service providers have conducted in-depth technical research on servo drives.
Servo drive is an important part of modern motion control, which is widely used in industrial robots and CNC machining centers and other automation equipment. In particular, servo drives used to control AC permanent magnet synchronous motors have become a research hotspot at home and abroad. At present, the design of AC servo drives generally adopts the 3 closed-loop control algorithm of current, speed and position based on vector control. Whether the speed closed-loop design is reasonable or not in the algorithm plays a key role in the entire servo control system, especially the speed control performance.
Basic Requirements:
Requirements for servo feed systems
1. Wide range of speed regulation
2. High positioning accuracy
3. There is sufficient transmission rigidity and high speed stability
4. Fast response, no overshoot
In order to ensure productivity and processing quality, in addition to the requirement of high positioning accuracy, it is also required to have good fast response characteristics, that is, the response of the tracking instruction signal is required to be fast, because the numerical control system is required to accelerate and decelerate large enough when starting and braking, shorten the transition process time of the feed system, and reduce the contour transition error.
5. Low speed and high torque, strong overload capacity
Generally speaking, servo drives have an overload capacity of more than 1.5 times in a few minutes or even half an hour, and can be overloaded by 4-6 times in a short time without damage.
6. High reliability
The feed drive system of CNC machine tools is required to have high reliability, good working stability, strong environmental adaptability to temperature, humidity, vibration and strong anti-interference ability.
Requirements for motors
1. From the lowest speed to the highest speed, the motor can run smoothly, and the torque fluctuation should be small, especially at low speed such as 0.1r/min or lower, there is still a stable speed without creeping.
2. The motor should have a large overload capacity for a long time to meet the requirements of low speed and high torque. Generally, DC servo motors are required to be overloaded by 4-6 times within a few minutes without damage.
3. In order to meet the requirements of fast response, the motor should have a small moment of inertia and a large stalled torque, and have the time constant and starting voltage as small as possible.
4. The motor should be able to withstand frequent starting, braking and reversal.
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