In machinery safety, if it is an access door that prevents entry into the hazardous movement area, it is usually necessary to use a safety interlock switch to realize the "linkage" between the access door and the movement of the hazardous equipment, and when the access door is opened, the dangerous movement stops. In some cases, it is also necessary to prevent the access door from being opened until the equipment reaches a safe state, for example, the equipment has a high inertial movement, and it takes a period of time for the equipment to completely stop after receiving the stop command to reach a safe state, at which point a guard locking function is required to allow the door to be opened only after the movement has stopped.
Although guard locking and safety interlocking can be done in the same safety element (e.g. safety gate systems such as PSEN me5, PSEN mlock, etc.) when applied, they are in fact two completely different safety functions. Even if the device performs both interlock and guard lock functions, it will most likely have different values on the guard lock subsystem and the interlock subsystem.
The level of safety required for interlocks and guard locks
The two safety functions, safety interlock and guard lock, can be available in different required classes (PLr or SIL). Estimation of PLr with reference to EN ISO 13849-1 Annex A:
The severity of the injury in the guard lock is generally the same as the severity of the associated interlock function
The frequency of exposure is the same for the most part
The duration of exposure can vary from the duration of the relevant safety feature (can be more or less, depending on the application). The guard locking function is less likely to be avoided because it is often easy to see the danger (compared to an accidental activation while inside) and evasive measures can be taken to avoid accidents.
If the guard locking function is critical protection, all subsystems of the function, from the detection of a safety posture (e.g., stationary detection) to the final execution (e.g., release door locking) must achieve the required performance level or SIL level. As shown in the figure below, this is a schematic diagram of the safety function that uses a safety encoder to detect whether the dangerous movement is stationary as the input, PSS4000 the safety PLC as the logic, and the PSEN sgate as the final actuator.
Certified Functional Safety Professional
In many cases, the detection of safety status may require more complex methods, such as pressure detection, liquid level detection, etc., and how to determine whether the corresponding PLr or SIL level can be reached? IN ORDER TO ANSWER QUESTIONS IN FUNCTIONAL SAFETY (ISO 13849-1/IEC 62061), PILZ HAS LAUNCHED A NEW CERTIFIED EXPERT IN FUNCTIONAL SAFETY COURSE IN 2022, WHICH IS THE SECOND EXPERT COURSE LAUNCHED BY PILZ IN ADDITION TO THE CERTIFIED MACHINERY SAFETY EXPERT COURSE. If you complete the training and pass the exam, you will receive an expert certificate from TÜV NORD and become a certified safety professional.
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