Effect of changes in electrical parameters of welding on the quality of welding:
1. Welding current
When the welding current increases (other conditions remain unchanged), the penetration depth and residual height of the weld increase, and the melting width remains unchanged (or slightly increases) for the following reasons:
(1) When the current increases, the arc force and heat input on the workpiece increase, the position of the heat source moves downward, and the penetration depth increases. Penetration depth is nearly proportional to current.
(2) After the current increases, the melting amount of the welding wire increases nearly proportionally, and the residual height increases because the melting width is nearly unchanged.
(3) After the current increases, the diameter of the arc column increases, but the depth of the arc diving into the workpiece increases, and the movement range of the arc spot is limited, so the melting width is nearly unchanged.
2. Arc voltage
After the arc voltage increases, the arc power increases, the heat input of the workpiece increases, the arc length is elongated, and the distribution radius increases, so the penetration depth decreases slightly and the melting width increases. The residual height decreases because the melting width increases, but the melting amount of the welding wire decreases slightly.
3. Welding speed
When the welding speed increases, the line energy decreases, and the penetration depth, penetration width, and residual height all decrease. This is because the amount of wire metal deposited per unit length of the weld is inversely proportional to the welding speed, and the melting width is inversely proportional to the opening of the welding speed.
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