1) Power electronic equipmentPower electronic equipment is the equipment that plays the effect of on-off in the circuit and completes various conversions, VFD is the installation of this conversion, so it is carried out with the development of inverter equipment, and the quality of inverter equipment depends on its on-off ability, and accepts the current and additional voltage of on-off; In the on-off process, the size of the loss, such as saturation, voltage drop and switching loss, determines the power and volume of the VFD. Switching losses are related to the switching frequency; The switching frequency is related to noise, and is related to the output voltage and current waveform. That is to say, the power electronic equipment should be deployed in the direction of high voltage, high current, high switching frequency and small on-voltage drop. The thyristor is a semi-control device, which belongs to the first generation of products, but the modulation frequency is low, the control is complex, the power is low, the capacity is large, the voltage is high, and the history is long-lasting.
The application of GTO thyristors and BJTs, whether assembled DC choppers or assembled VFDs, has a monopoly in the application of GTO thyristors in electric locomotives. This is also a serious scientific research topic organized by China during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period. However, the use of GTO thyristor VFD for other centers is controversial because the turn-off current gain of GTO thyristor is too small, overcurrent maintenance is difficult, and the modulation frequency is low. DC choppers and PWMVFDs assembled with BJT are very popular, but the output voltage does not exceed 460V and the capacity does not exceed 400kW. BJT is a current drive, with high power consumption, low modulation frequency, and high noise, which is not as simple and reliable as the voltage drive of MOSFET. However, the latter has a smaller capacity and a lower output voltage, and there are not many competitive products in the market.
In motion control, the new generation of power electronics are IGBT and MCT: the former is MOS-driven BJT, which has the advantage that the capacity and voltage exceed BJT, and there is a tendency to replace it; The latter MOS drives thyristors and theoretically has the advantages of both. These two new equipment have sophisticated products, IGBT has been developed to the fourth generation, and now foreign countries are transferring the consumption process of microelectronics to power electronics, so the production of application-specific integrated circuits (). The intelligent equipment that combines the drive circuit and maintenance circuit of the IGBT is called IPM, and the IPM that combines the switching power supply, so that the VFD is more reliable, and it has become the leading product of speed regulation in the past, which will replace DC speed regulation, and the 21st century will be the period of AC speed regulation.
2) Control methodVFD selects different control methods, with different speed adjustment functions, characteristics and uses. The control methods are broadly divided into open-loop and closed-loop control. Open-loop control includes a U/f (voltage and frequency) proportional control method; The closed loop includes slip frequency manipulation and various vector manipulations. From the perspective of the pre-development history, it is also from an open loop to a closed loop. The general vector control is comparable to the armature current control of a DC motor. Now the AC motor parameters can directly stop the direct torque control, which is convenient and accurate, and the control accuracy is high.
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The inverter sets the characteristic parameters of the motor
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The low-voltage fuse cannot be used as an overload maintenance for the motor.
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The additional current of the fuse must be greater than or equal to the additional current of the melt.
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If the regenerative energy that occurs during deceleration and descent in the application is too large, there is a possibility that the voltage of the main circuit inside the inverter will rise, causing damage.
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