Composition of the hydraulic drive of an industrial robot – Yamaha

Create Date: 2024-8-30 12:03:23|Source: YAMAHA/YAMAHA

In the early stage of the presentation of industrial robots, because most of their movements were rod mechanisms such as cranks and guide rods, hydraulic drive and pneumatic drive were mostly used. The hydraulic drive system is usually composed of a hydraulic motor (various cylinders, oil motors), servo valves, oil systems, oil tanks, etc., and the actuator is driven to operate by compressing the oil. It is characterized by large operating force, small size, stable transmission and sensitive action, impact resistance, oscillation resistance, and good explosion-proofness.

                            Composition of the hydraulic drive of an industrial robot – Yamaha

The operating principle and composition of the hydraulic drive

The hydraulic drive method is mostly used in the case where the output force is required to be large, and the speed is lower than that of the pneumatic drive under the condition of low pressure drive.

The output force and power of the hydraulic drive are very large, and it can form a servo mechanism, which is often used to drive the joints of large robots.

The hydraulic drive system is mainly composed of hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic valves. A hydraulic cylinder is a hydraulic actuator that converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and does linear reciprocating motion or oscillating motion. It has a simple structure and reliable operation. When the reciprocating motion is completed by hydraulic cylinder, the deceleration equipment can be dispensed with, and there is no transmission gap, and the movement is stable, so it is widely used in various hydraulic systems.

Reciprocating linear motion cylinders operated by solenoid valves (referred to as linear cylinders) are the simplest and cheapest open-loop hydraulic drive equipment. The linear hydraulic cylinder is able to complete the deceleration at the end of the movement by controlling the pressure and saving the amount of port conditioning, so that the stopping process can be controlled. The large-diameter hydraulic cylinder itself is expensive and needs to be equipped with a valuable electro-hydraulic servo valve, but it can get a larger output, and the operating pressure is usually up to 14MPa.

Whether it is a linear hydraulic cylinder or a vane hydraulic motor (later known as a rotary hydraulic motor), their operating principle is based on the action of high-pressure oil on the piston or on the vanes. The hydraulic oil is fed to one end of the cylinder through the control valve. In the open-loop system, it is controlled by a solenoid valve; In the closed-loop system, it is controlled by an electro-hydraulic servo valve or a manual valve.

Hydraulic valves are further divided into check valves and reversing valves. A check valve only allows the oil to flow in one direction and the reverse shut-off, also known as a check valve. Reversing valves are divided into spool valve reversing valves, manual reversing valves, motorized reversing valves and solenoid reversing valves. Spool valve type reversing valve is a reversing valve that relies on the valve core to do axial movement in the valve body to make the corresponding oil circuit connected or disconnected. Manual directional valves are used for manual reversing. Motorized directional valves are used in mechanical movements, as limit equipment limit reversing. The solenoid directional valve is used to change the direction of the fluid when the electrical equipment or control equipment issues a reversing command, so as to change the mechanical motion state.

Hydraulically driven robots have a much greater lifting capacity of up to 100 kilograms compared to the force drive. However, the hydraulic drive system has higher requirements for sealing, and is not suitable for operation in high or low temperature occasions, requiring higher production accuracy and higher cost.

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