The cause of leakage in the motor using the inverter - Schneider

Create Date: 2024-8-30 12:03:23|Source: Schneider/Schneider

1. The output of the inverter is controlled by PWM (pulse width modulation, similar to high-speed switching), so high-frequency leakage current will occur.

The PE points of the three transmission equipment of the inverter, the pre-power supply transformer and the motor must be connected together and then grounded consistently.

The inverter is a high-frequency square wave voltage output, because there is an equivalent capacitance between the internal coil of the motor and the motor housing, resulting in leakage current. If it is not grounded or is poorly grounded, there will be leakage.

The factors that affect the size of the leakage current are:

(1) The leakage current of the cable of the cable and the leakage current of the cable of the switch and filter. The leakage current of the cable length of the inverter and motor.

(2) Leakage current of the filter (including the inverter).

(3) The leakage current of the motor.

Some on-site inverters are used to control the motor, and there will be leakage problems, and the leakage voltage ranges from tens of volts to 200 volts. In view of this problem, the reasons for the occurrence of this phenomenon are analyzed as follows:

                               The cause of leakage in the motor using the inverter - Schneider

2. According to the functional block diagram of the inverter to control the operation of the motor, the three-phase power supply is rectified through the inverter rectifier bridge, and then sent to the inverter bridge (IGBT) through capacitor filtering, and then the operation of the motor is controlled by the three-phase alternating current with adjustable output frequency and voltage of the inverter bridge.

The alternating current with a difference of 120 degrees flows through the three-phase stator coil winding of the motor, and a rotating magnetic field is generated, so that the rotor of the motor automatically rotates under the effect of the rotating magnetic field of the stator winding.

A rotating magnetic field occurs when an electric current flows through the three-phase stator windings of the motor, and an electromotive force is induced in the motor housing according to the principle of electromagnetic induction. The size of this induced electromotive force depends on the switching frequency of the IGBT and C×DV/DT (which is related to the speed of the IGBT switching). If the induced electromotive force is large, then the person will feel the same as being shocked when he touches it. Theoretically, the higher the switching frequency of the IGBT, the higher the effective value of the induced electromotive force (i.e., the induced voltage) of the motor shell, and the higher the control accuracy and dynamic response of the inverter to the motor, and the greater the feeling of being electrocuted by the human body after touching; Conversely, the lower the switching frequency of the IGBT, the lower the effective value of the induced momentum (induced voltage) of the motor housing, and the less it feels like it will be charged after touching the body.

Because the asynchronous motor is running, the motor shell will have induced voltage (that is, the so-called leakage), so the motor manufacturer will install a grounding terminal in the junction box when the motor leaves the factory, so that the user can connect to the earth to eliminate its induced electromotive force (i.e., eliminate the induced leakage voltage) during the application, so as to solve the feeling of being electrocuted when the human body touches the motor.

When the power frequency runs the motor, the switching frequency of the power frequency is about 50HZ, which is very low, so there is almost no feeling of leakage under normal circumstances (unless the motor insulation is very poor). When the inverter is controlled, because its switching frequency is much higher than the power frequency, the motor shell will have a feeling of leakage when the inverter controls the motor to roll.

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