There are two types of accelerometers: one is the angular accelerometer, which is improved from gyroscopes. The other is a linear accelerometer. It can also be divided into single-axis, dual-axis and three-axis accelerometers according to the measurement axis.
At present, accelerometers are used in many fields such as game control, handle oscillation and shaking, car brake start detection, ground motion detection, engineering vibration measurement, geological survey, oscillation test and analysis, and safety oscillation detection. Here are a few examples of how to use accelerometers to better understand accelerometers.
Application of three-axis accelerometers
1. Body safety, control and application in the system
Accelerometers have been widely used in the field of car electronics, not necessarily focused on body control, safety system and, typical applications such as car airbag (Airbag), ABS anti-lock braking system, electronic invariant French (ESP), electronic control hanging system, etc.
Nowadays, people are paying more and more attention to body safety, and the number of airbags in cars is increasing, and the requirements for responding to sensors are becoming more and more stringent. The entire airbag control system includes satellite sensors on the exterior of the vehicle, G-sensors on the doors, roof, front and rear seats, electronic controllers, and airbags. The electronic controller is a 16-bit or 32-bit MCU, and when the car is impacted, the shock sensor will send a signal to the electronic controller within a few microseconds.
The electronic controller then calculates and evaluates the data transmitted by sensors scattered throughout the cabin according to the severity of the bump, the number of passengers, and the seat/seat belt, and activates the airbag through the SquibDriver in the shortest possible time.
However, ABS and traction control system alone cannot meet the driving safety requirements of the vehicle on the curved section. In this case, the Electronic Invariance Control (ESC) system can be used to control the vehicle from violating the road by modifying understeer or oversteer during the driver's operation. The system uses a gyroscope to measure the vehicle's yaw angle, together with a low-gravity accelerometer to measure lateral acceleration. The results of the measured data are compared with the results of the calculation of travel speed and wheel skew angle, so that the steering of the vehicle can be adjusted to prevent skidding.
In addition to the primary application of the body safety system, the accelerometer is now also playing a primary role in the system. It does not have to be conducive to the completion of GPS satellite signal positioning. When entering an area or middle where the satellite signal is poorly received, such as a roadway, a high-rise building, or a forest area, it will be useful because of the signal. Based on MEMS manual 3-axis accelerometer, together with gyroscope or electronic compass and other components, an azimuth reckoning system (DR, DeadReckoning) can be established along the way, and the GPS system can be used in a complementary way.
2. Hard disk impact protection
Nowadays, due to the storage demand for massive data, components such as hard disks and optical drives are widely used in laptops, mobile phones, digital cameras/camcorders, portable DVD players, PMPs and other devices. Due to the place where portable equipment is used, it is often accidentally dropped or bumped, which constitutes a huge impact on the internal components.
In order to protect the device and the data in it from damage, more and more users are demanding the impact resistance of portable devices.
Generally, the drop height of portable products is 1.2-1.3 meters, and they will be subjected to an impact of about 50KG when they hit the marble floor.
If a 3-axis accelerometer is built into the hard drive, the system will detect the sudden change in acceleration when a drop occurs, and perform corresponding actions, such as turning off the electronic or mechanical equipment with poor seismic performance and resetting the head to reduce the damage to the hard drive.
3. Innovative application in consumer products
The 3-axis accelerometer completes the innovation space for the preservation of consumer and handheld electronic devices. It can be installed on the game console controller, as a user action collector to its arms before and after, at the mercy, and inferior movement movements, and in the game for virtual scene actions such as fists, rackets, jumps, fishing rods, etc., the innocent finger activities of the past into real body and body activities, the end of the previous key operation can not be less than the end of the sense of on-the-spot game and participation.
In addition, the 3-axis accelerometer can also be used in electronic pedometers, which will produce certain discipline oscillations at the time of day, and the accelerometer can detect the zero crossing point of the oscillation, so as to calculate the number of steps taken by the person or the number of steps taken by the running, so as to calculate the displacement of the person moving. And the formula of the operation can calculate the cost of getting out of the card.
It provides a compensation function for the electronic compass (3DCompass), and if it is an electronic compass without skew correction, it needs to be placed to the user's degree. The operating accelerometer can measure the angle of inclination and compensate for the skew of the electronic compass.
It can also be used for image stabilization of digital cameras, detecting oscillation/swaying of handheld devices, and locking the shutter when the oscillation/swaying amplitude is too large, so that the picture taken is always clear.
3-axis accelerometers are used in a wide range of applications, including for posture recognition and UI operation in handheld devices. For example, with a 3-axis accelerometer, the handheld device can automatically turn the screen.
The screen and audio displayed by the device will automatically change according to the user's movements. It confirms the degree or vertical shape of the device by detecting the target of the gravity vector by the internal sensor, and automatically adjusts the displayed shape for the user's convenience.
4. Interesting extension function
The 3-axis accelerometer can also be used for many interesting extensions, such as virtual musical instruments, virtual dice games, and WaveMessage.
The virtual instrument's built-in accelerometer sensor can detect the user's swing from the hostile device to control the tempo and volume of the instrument. The dice game also uses the same principle, through the swinging and other actions to control the speed of the virtual dice, and with the abstract physical laws of the internal mathematical mold to determine the moment of containment.
"Flash" is a more imaginative use that allows users to use this function to edit text in the air. "Flash" allows the handheld device to capture the user's rapid movements in the air through the acceleration sensor, and does not have to be suitable for use in the dark. The handheld device will be equipped with a light-emitting LED, due to the visual persistence phenomenon of the human retina, its movement in the air will leave a short-term continuous picture in its eye, and complete all the strokes of writing.
With the manual application of MEMS micro-electromechanical system in the field of sensors, the volume of accelerometers has become more and more simple and the function has been improved.
Application of MEMS accelerometers in medical wearable devices
With the growth of wearable smart devices, medical wearable smart devices must rely on the use of miniaturized MEMS gyroscopes and acceleration sensors to detect various audio messages on the wearer's body. For example, the use of MEMS sensors in non-invasive fetal heart rate detection.
Fetal heart rate detector (material figure)
Measuring fetal heart rate is a very manual task, because the fetal heart rate is very fast, between l20 and 160 beats per minute, it is difficult to measure accurately with a saved stethoscope or even with an ultrasound Doppler instrument that expands the infection. In addition, ultrasound oscillation waves infect the fetus, which will cause a great unfortunate infection to the fetus, although the detection dose is very low, it also belongs to the detection range, and is not suitable for regular and repeated examinations and home use.
At this time, the MEMS accelerometer can provide a non-invasive fetal heart detection method, and develop a simple, intuitive and accurate medical auxiliary instrument for clinical diagnosis and maternal self-examination between fetal heart stethoscope and Doppler fetal monitor.
The fetal heart rate is converted into a voltage signal by the accelerometer, and the difference is expanded by the instrument amplifier used for pre-amplification. Then, a series of two-ended signal processing, such as filtering, is carried out, and the imitation voltage signal is converted into a digital signal by an A/D converter. After the optical blocking equipment is input to the single-chip microcomputer for analysis and disposal, the disposal effect is output.
Other applications of accelerometers
Monitoring of high-voltage conductor swaying
At present, two non-essential manual solutions are mostly used for wire shake monitoring in China: video picture collection and activity acceleration measurement. Under the premise of high temperature, high humidity, extreme cold, dense fog, sand and dust in the field, the former not only has high requirements for the reliability and invariance of video equipment, but also the results of the video pictures taken will also be affected. The accelerometer is used to monitor the swinging environment of the wire, which can quantitatively analyze the environment of the upward and downward oscillation and swinging of the transmission line at a certain point, and can measure the amplitude and frequency of the linear activity of the wire.
A new type of ground accelerometer
The selection of sensors and control systems with the integration of the concept, the sensor selection of low-power miniature electronic capacitive accelerometer, the control system using embedded system, set up equipment with data collection, power supply, timing, communication and other modules, with a variety of wireless communication functions, can be a lot of layout in the room, through a variety of body networking, can be timely transmitted to the processing core for timely disposal.
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