Under normal circumstances, a photoelectric sensor consists of two parts: a processing path and a processing element. Its basic principle is to use the photoelectric effect to convert the measured change into a change in the optical signal, and then use the optoelectronic components to further convert the non-electrical signal into an electrical signal. "Photoelectric effect" refers to the use of light to illuminate an object, which can be regarded as bombarding the object with a certain sequence of photons, at this moment the energy of the photon is transferred to the electron, and all the energy of the electron is absorbed by an electron at one time, when the electron obtains the energy transmitted by the photon, its state will change, so the object illuminated by the light will produce the corresponding electrical effect. The photoelectric effect is generally divided into three categories:
(1) The phenomenon that can make electrons escape from the surface of the object under the effect of light is called the external photoelectric effect, such as photocell, photomultiplier tube, etc.;
(2) The phenomenon that can change the resistivity of an object under the effect of light is called the internal photoelectric effect, such as photoresistors, phototransistors, etc.;
(3) Under the effect of light, the phenomenon that the object generates an electromotive force in a certain direction is called photogenerated volativity, such as photocells.
Photoelectric sensor is a device that converts optical signals (visible and ultraviolet laser light) into electronic signals, and is a key element to realize photoelectric conversion in various photoelectric detection systems.
Photoelectric sensors are sensors that use optoelectronic devices as conversion elements. The system can detect non-electrophysical quantities that directly lead to the change of light quantity, such as light intensity, illuminance, radiation temperature, gas composition analysis, etc. It can also detect other non-electrical factors, such as part diameter, surface roughness, strain, displacement, oscillation, velocity, acceleration, object shape, working condition identification, etc., which can be converted into changes in the amount of light. Optoelectronic sensors are widely used in industrial automation equipment and robots due to their non-touch, fast response and reliable performance. The continuous emergence of new optoelectronic devices, especially the birth of CCD picture sensors, has opened up new hexagrams for the further application of optoelectronic sensors.
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