Honeywell Performance Materials & Technologies President and CEO Michael Ke wrote about the versatility and abundance of hydrogen that can make a difference in countries around the world as they meet their climate goals.
As the world continues to look for innovative solutions to combat climate change, hydrogen is proving to be a viable energy source and a driver of economic growth. Three prerequisites are required for the further widespread use of hydrogen energy:
Increase supply through production
Feasible transport infrastructure
and lower end-use prices
Hydrogen energy will take three steps in the future
01Increase supply and production
The first step is to increase the supply and availability of "blue hydrogen" and "green hydrogen". Currently, most of the hydrogen in use is "grey hydrogen", which is the most carbon-intensive type of hydrogen. Grey hydrogen is hydrogen made from fossil fuels without CO2 abatement technologies, and its production is accompanied by CO2 emissions.
The production of green hydrogen uses an electrolysis process that uses renewable electricity to separate hydrogen molecules from oxygen molecules in water. The process does not produce environmentally harmful CO2 and uses electricity from renewable sources such as solar power and wind power, making it sustainable. However, significant R&D and capital investment are still needed to significantly increase the supply of zero-emission green hydrogen and reduce production costs.
Blue hydrogen, like grey hydrogen, comes from natural gas, but unlike grey hydrogen, the carbon emitted is carbon captured and safely stored deep underground, so blue hydrogen emits significantly lower CO2 than grey hydrogen. Green hydrogen is the cleanest of all forms of hydrogen and is a key transitional technology until large-scale production and supply of green hydrogen can be achieved. Blue hydrogen is one of the key enablers of decarbonization, and there are now clean technologies for large-scale production of blue hydrogen.
02Infrastructure is critical
The second key factor in the large-scale use of hydrogen is the construction of the infrastructure needed upstream and downstream – pipelines, tanks and pumps – to efficiently transport, store and deliver hydrogen. In addition to producing sufficient amounts of blue and green hydrogen, it is crucial to develop facilities and pipelines that can safely store and transport hydrogen.
But it will take time. In order to achieve the desired commercialization and industrial-scale production of hydrogen, the industry must now prioritize solutions to reduce emissions while building the infrastructure to support the future of renewable hydrogen. In fact, a recent report by the International Energy Transitions Commission (IEC) suggests that hydrogen for global industrial decarbonization could likely cost around $15 trillion in investment over the next 30 years. The study also said that about 85% of the investment will be used for power generation, with the remaining 15% going to production facilities, transportation and storage of hydrogen.
The development of a self-sustaining ecosystem will be a key factor in determining the large-scale development of green hydrogen. This requires organizations from all walks of life to work together to achieve the same goal. The participating entities will be involved in all stages of the value chain, from upstream production to downstream sequestration. There are many different stakeholders in the hydrogen value chain who will contribute in their own ways to create a self-sustaining hydrogen economy.
03Incentives to accelerate hydrogen adoption
A third element of the widespread adoption of hydrogen is the provision of incentives such as tax incentives to accelerate the development of the hydrogen economy and minimize initial costs. While electric and gas utilities are increasingly considering increasing investment in low-carbon hydrogen, the current high prices of technologies and equipment for the production of blue and green hydrogen remain the main barriers to hydrogen development.
The road ahead
Sustainable energy plays a critical role in confronting and addressing the looming global climate crisis, and we need to act now. As more and more organizations implement net-zero strategies to better meet global climate goals, hydrogen is becoming increasingly important in these strategies. But this is just the beginning of the journey, and the road to net zero is complex and long. The role and applications of hydrogen and carbon capture are not widely understood or accepted.
On the positive side, hydrogen is a substance that is very readily available and is the most abundant element in the universe. We just need to find ways to use hydrogen economically and efficiently. It's encouraging to see that the world is moving in this direction, and there are already a number of new technologies on the market that can help businesses on their path to sustainability.
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