When the input quantity (such as voltage, current, temperature, etc.) reaches the specified value, the electrical appliances that make the output circuit to be controlled on or off can be divided into two categories: electrical quantity (such as current, voltage, frequency, power, etc.) relays and non-electric (such as temperature, pressure, speed, etc.) relays, which have the advantages of fast action, stable operation, long service life and small size, and are widely used in power maintenance, automation, movement, remote control, measurement and communication equipment.
Relay is a kind of electronic control equipment, it has a control system (also known as the input loop) and the controlled system (also known as the output loop), generally used in the active control circuit, it is actually a kind of "active switch" with a smaller current to control a larger current, so it plays a role in the circuit such as active conditioning, safety maintenance, and conversion circuit.
According to the operating principle or structural characteristics of the relay can be divided into electromagnetic relays, thermal reed relays, solid-state relays (SSR), etc., these three are more common for us, relays common brands Schneider, Omron, Chint, Hongfa, loose and inferior, etc., the common is 8 pins or 14 pins, 8 pins: two groups of normally open, two groups of normally closed, one coil contact, 16 pins: four groups of normally open, four groups of normally closed, one coil contact.
1. The operating principle and characteristics of electromagnetic relays
Electromagnetic relay is generally composed of iron core, coil, armature, contact reed, etc., as long as a certain voltage is added to the two ends of the coil, a certain current will flow through the coil, and then the electromagnetic effect occurs, the armature will overcome the tension force of the return tension spring under the action of electromagnetic force attraction to the iron core, and then drive the dynamic contact of the armature to engage with the static contact (normally open contact), when the coil is powered off, the electromagnetic suction force will also disappear, and the armature will return to the original position in the reaction force of the tension spring. The moving contact is engaged with the original static contact (normally closed contact), so that the attraction and release are achieved, and then the purpose of conduction and cutting in the circuit is reached. Regarding the "normally open and normally closed" contacts of relays, they can be distinguished as follows: the static contacts that are in an open state when the relay coil is not energized are called "normally open contacts"; Static contacts in the ON position are called "normally closed contacts".
2. The operating principle and characteristics of the thermal reed relay
Thermal reed relay is a new type of thermal switch that uses thermal magnetic materials to detect and control temperature, it is composed of a temperature-sensing magnetic ring, a constant magnetic ring, a reed tube, a thermal conduction device piece, a plastic substrate and some other accessories, the thermal reed relay does not have to be excited by the coil, but the magnetic force generated by the constant magnetic ring drives the switch action, and whether the constant magnetic ring can supply magnetic force to the reed tube is determined by the temperature control characteristics of the temperature-sensing magnetic ring.
3. The operating principle and characteristics of solid state relay (SSR).
Solid state relay is a kind of two terminals for the input end, the other two terminals for the output of the four-end equipment, the center of the use of barrier equipment to complete the input and output of the resistance isolation, solid state relay according to the load power supply type can be divided into AC type and DC type, according to the switch type can be divided into normally open type and normally closed type, according to the barrier type can be divided into hybrid type, transformer barrier type and optical resistance isolation type, with optical resistance isolation type as the most.
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