According to the principle of operation:
Potentiometer-type displacement sensor
It converts the mechanical displacement through the potentiometer element into a resistive or voltage output that is linearly or arbitrarily linked to it. Generally, linear potentiometers and round potentiometers can be used as linear and angular displacement sensors, respectively.
However, potentiometers designed for the purpose of measuring displacement require a confirmed link between the change in displacement and the change in resistance. The movable brushes of the potentiometer displacement sensor are connected to the object to be measured.
The displacement of the object causes a change in the resistance of the moving end of the potentiometer. The change in resistance reflects the magnitude of the displacement, and whether the resistance increases or decreases indicates the direction of the displacement. Usually a supply voltage is applied to the potentiometer to convert the resistance change into a voltage output. The output characteristics of a wirewound potentiometer are also stepped because the resistance of the wire is changed by a step of turn resistance when the brush moves. If such a displacement sensor is used as a displacement feedback element in a servo system, an excessive step voltage will cause the system to vibrate. Therefore, the resistance value of each turn should be reduced as much as possible in the manufacture of potentiometers. Another major drawback of potentiometer sensors is their susceptibility to wear and tear. Its advantages are: simple structure, large output signal, easy to use, low price.
Magnetostrictive elastic displacement sensor
The magnetostrictive elastic displacement sensor accurately detects the positive position of the active magnetic ring through the internal non-touch measurement and control technology to measure the actual displacement value of the detected product.
It uses the magnetostrictive principle to accurately measure the orientation by generating a strain pulse signal through the intersection of two different magnetic fields. The measuring element is a waveguide, and the sensitive element in the waveguide is made of special magnetostrictive elastic material. The measurement process is caused by the current pulse in the electronic chamber of the sensor, the current pulse is transmitted in the waveguide, so that a circular magnetic field is generated outside the waveguide, when the magnetic field intersects with the magnetic field of the active magnetic ring set on the waveguide as an azimuth change, because of the effect of magnetostricture, a strain mechanical wave pulse signal will occur in the waveguide, and this strain mechanical wave pulse signal is transmitted at a fixed sound velocity, and is quickly detected by the electronic room.
The transmission time of this strained mechanical wave pulse signal in the waveguide is directly proportional to the interval between the active magnetic ring and the electronic chamber, and the interval can be determined with a high degree of accuracy after measuring the time. Because the output signal is a true positive value, not a proportional or amplified signal, there is no signal drift or variation, and there is no need for timing relabeling.
The magnetostrictive displacement sensor is a displacement sensor with high precision and long stroke positive azimuth measurement based on the principle of magnetoelasticity. It chooses the internal non-touch measurement method, because the movable magnetic ring and the sensor itself are not directly touched, so they will not be rubbed and worn, so its service life is long, the environmental adaptability is strong, the reliability is high, the safety is good, it is convenient for the system to automate the operation, even in the harsh industrial environment (such as easy to be affected by oil burst, dust or other pollution occasions), it can also operate normally. The sensor uses high-tech materials and advanced electronic processing skills to enable it to be used in high-temperature, high-pressure and high-vibration environments. The output signal of the sensor is a positive displacement value, even if the power supply is interrupted and reconnected, the data will not be lost, and there is no need to re-zero. Because the sensitive element is touched by the wrong touch, even if the detection is repeated repeatedly, there will be no wear on the sensor, which can greatly improve the reliability and service life of the detection. Travel up to 3 m or more with a nominal accuracy of 0.05%F· S, the accuracy of the sensor with a stroke of more than 1 meter can reach 0.02%F.S, and the repeatability can reach 0.002%F.· S, so it is widely used.
According to the method of exercise
Linear displacement sensors
The function of a linear displacement sensor is to convert the linear mechanical displacement into an electrical signal. In order to achieve this effect, the variable resistance slide rail is usually fixed on the fixed part of the sensor, and the displacement of the slide blade on the slide rail is used to measure different resistance values. The sensor slide is connected to a steady-state DC voltage that promises a small current flowing through microamperes, and the voltage between the slide and the start is proportional to the length of the slide movement. The use of the sensor as a voltage divider minimizes the requirement for the accuracy of the total resistance value of the slide rail, as the change in resistance value caused by temperature changes does not affect the measurement results.
Viewpoint displacement sensor
Viewpoint Displacement Sensor for Obstacle Handling: Use the viewpoint sensor to manipulate your wheels to directly spot obstacles. The principle is simple: if the motor viewpoint sensor structure is running and the gears are not turning, your machine is blocked by an obstacle. This skill is very simple to use and very useful; The only requirement is that the wheels of the movement must not slip on the floor (or slip too many times), otherwise you will not be able to detect obstacles. This problem can be prevented by an idling gear attached to the motor, which is not driven by the motor but by the movement of the device: if the idler stops while the drive wheel is rotating, you have hit an obstacle.
According to the raw materials for testing
Hall displacement sensors
Its measurement principle is to insist that the excitation current of the Hall element (see semiconductor magnetocent) is constant, and make it move in a gradient uniform magnetic field, then the displacement is proportional to the output Hall potential. The larger the magnetic field gradient, the higher the sensitivity; The more uniform the gradient change, the closer the connection between the Hall potential and the displacement is linear. Fig. 2 shows three magnetic systems with gradient magnetic fields: the linear scale of the a system is narrow, and the Hall potential ≠ 0 when the displacement Z=0; The B system has good linearity when Z is 2 mm, and when Z=0, the Hall potential = 0, and the C system has high sensitivity and the measurement scale is less than 1 mm. In the figure, the N and S separations indicate the positive and negative magnetic poles. Hall displacement sensors have small inertia, high frequency response, reliable operation and long life, so they are often used in the occasion of converting various non-electric power into displacement and then measuring.
Photoelectric displacement sensor
It measures the displacement or geometric size of the target according to the amount of light flux obstructed by the measured target. It is characterized by non-touch measurement, and can be measured continuously. Photoelectric displacement sensors are often used to measure the diameter of wires in succession or as edge orientation sensors in strip edge azimuth control systems.
Displacement sensor, also known as linear sensor, is a linear device attributed to metal induction, and the effect of the sensor is to convert various measured physical quantities into electricity. This article explains in detail the selection of displacement sensors and the elimination of common problems.
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