Capacitor damage is the highest problem in electronic devices, especially electrolytic capacitors.
Capacitor damage is manifested in: 1. Capacity becomes smaller, 2. Capacity is completely lost, 3. Leakage, 4. Short circuit.
Capacitors play different roles in circuits, and the problems caused by them also have their own characteristics. In the industrial circuit board, digital circuits account for the vast majority, and the capacitors are mostly used for power supply filtering, and the capacitors are used for signal coupling and oscillation circuits are less. If the electrolytic capacitor used in the switching power supply is damaged, the switching power supply may not vibrate and there is no voltage output; Or the output voltage filter is not good, the circuit is unstable and the logic is chaotic, which is reflected in the fact that the machine is working well or badly or can not be turned on, if the capacitance is between the positive and negative poles of the power supply of the digital circuit, the fault is reflected in the same as above. This is particularly obvious on the computer motherboard, many computers have been used for a few years to show sometimes can not turn on, sometimes can be turned on the phenomenon, open the chassis, often can see the phenomenon of electrolytic capacitor bulging, if the capacitor is removed to measure the capacity, found that it is much lower than the actual value.
The life of a capacitor is directly related to the ambient temperature, and the higher the ambient temperature, the shorter the life of the capacitor. This applies not only to electrolytic capacitors, but also to other capacitors. Therefore, when looking for faulty capacitors, it is important to check the capacitors that are close to the heat source, such as the capacitors next to the heat sink and high-power components, the closer they are, the greater the possibility of damage. After disassembling the chassis, it was found that there was a 1000uF/350V large capacitor with oily things flowing out, and the capacity was only a few tens of uF when the capacity was removed, and it was also found that as long as the capacitor was closest to the heat sink of the rectifier bridge, the others were far away from it and the capacity was normal. In addition, there is a short-circuit situation of the capacitor of the ceramic plate, and it is also found that the capacitor is relatively close to the heating part. Therefore, there should be some emphasis when overhauling and finding.
Some capacitors leak so much that they can be tricky to touch with your fingers, and they must be replaced.
In the case of good and bad problems during maintenance, in addition to the possibility of poor contact, most of them are generally caused by capacitor damage. Therefore, when encountering such problems, you can check the key points of the capacitor, and it is often surprising after replacing the capacitor (of course, you should also pay attention to the quality of the capacitor, and choose a better brand, such as ruby, black diamond, etc.).
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