1. Percussion hand pressure method
It is common to encounter the phenomenon of good and bad operation of the instrument, and most of this phenomenon is due to poor contact or virtual welding. In this case, percussion and hand pressure can be used.
The so-called "tapping" is to quietly hit the plug-in board or part through a small rubber tip or other percussion object on the part that may cause a problem, to see if it will cause mistakes or downtime. The so-called "hand pressure" means that when the problem is presented, turn off the power supply and press the plug and seat of the plug and seat again with your hand, and then turn on the machine to see if it will eliminate the problem. If you find that hitting the casing is normal, and then hitting it is not normal, it is better to reinsert all the joints firmly and then try, if the nerve-wracking is unsuccessful, you have to find another way.
2. Investigation method
Use sight, smell, touch. At certain times, damaged components may become discolored, blistered, or burnt mottled; Burned-out equipment will produce some special odors; Chips that are short-circuited will get hot; It is also possible to detect false soldering or desoldering with the naked eye.
3. Sweeping method
The so-called cleaning method is a method to determine the cause of the problem through some plug-in boards and equipment in the plug-in machine. When a plug-in board or device is removed and the instrument recovers normally, it indicates that the problem is there.
4. Substitution method
Two instruments of the same type or spare parts are required. Replace a good spare part with the same equipment on the problem machine to see if the problem is eliminated.
5. Comparative method
Two meters of the same type are required, and one is functional. The use of this method also requires the necessary equipment, such as multimeters, oscilloscopes, etc. According to the nature of the comparison, there are voltage comparison, waveform comparison, static impedance comparison, output result comparison, current comparison, etc.
The specific method is to let the problematic meter and the normal meter operate under the same conditions, and then detect the signals at some points and compare the two sets of signals measured, if there are differences, you can conclude that the problem is here. This approach requires appropriate common sense and skills on the part of repair personnel.
6. Temperature rise and fall method
Sometimes, the instrument will be operated for a long time, or when the temperature of the operating environment is high in summer, it will present a problem, shut down to check normal, stop for a period of time and then turn on the machine is normal, and then present a problem. This phenomenon is caused by the poor performance of a single IC or element, and the high-temperature characteristic parameters do not meet the target requirements. In order to find out the cause of the problem, the temperature rise and fall method can be used.
The so-called cooling is to wipe the anhydrous alcohol with cotton fiber on the part that may cause the problem when the problem is presented, so as to cool it down and investigate whether the fault is eliminated. The so-called heating is to artificially raise the ambient temperature, for example, use an electric soldering iron near the suspicious part (be careful not to raise the temperature too high to damage the normal equipment) to see if the fault appears.
7. Shoulder riding method
The shoulder riding method is also known as the parallel method. Put a good IC chip on the chip to be viewed, maybe the good components (resistors, capacitors, diodes, transistors, etc.) and the components to be viewed in parallel, insist on good contact, if the fault comes from the internal open circuit or poor contact of the equipment, etc., then choose this method to sweep away.
8. Capacitor bypass method
When a certain circuit produces a strange phenomenon, such as a display disorder, it is possible to use the capacitive bypass method to identify the part of the circuit that is likely to be faulty. Briddling capacitors over the IC's power supply and ground; Transistor circuits are bridged at the base input or collector output to investigate the impact on the problematic phenomenon. If the capacitor bypass input is invalid and the fault disappears when the output is bypassed, the fault is confirmed to be present in this stage of the circuit.
9. Situation adjustment method
Generally speaking, before the fault is confirmed, do not casually affect the components in the circuit, especially the adjustable equipment, such as potentiometers. However, if you take re-reference measures in advance (e.g., mark the direction or measure the voltage or resistance value before you pull it), you can still agree to pull it if necessary. Maybe after the change, sometimes the fault will be eliminated.
10. Isolation method
The fault isolation method does not require the comparison of the same type of equipment or spare parts and is safe and reliable. According to the problem detection flow chart, the cutting fence gradually narrows the scope of problem finding, and then cooperates with signal comparison, component communication and other methods, and the problem will generally be found quickly.
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