One. First of all, we need to have a brief understanding of rotary encoders
Rotary encoders can be used to measure rotational velocity, acceleration, azimuth and direction. Encoders can be used in a wide range of mechanical engineering occupations, such as material handling, logistics and packaging.
In the field of industrial automation, rotary encoders can be used to measure angle, bearing, velocity and angular velocity, and we can measure the direction of movement of straight lines through the use of racks, measuring wheels and constant force opening meters.
Rotary encoders convert mechanical inputs into electrical signals that can be processed by counters, tachometers, programmable logic manipulators (e.g. PLCs) and industrial computers.
The theory and function of the encoder:
In numerical systems, it is often necessary to transform a certain piece of information (input) into a specific code (output). The binary code is arranged according to a certain rule, such as 8421 code, Gray code, etc., so that each group of codes has a specific meaning (representing a certain number or manipulating a signal) is called encoding. A logic circuit with a coding function is called an encoder. The encoder has several inputs, and only one input signal is converted into binary code at a given time. If an encoder has N inputs and N outputs, the relationship between the outputs and inputs should be N≤2n. For example, an 8-wire-3-wire encoder and a 10-wire-4-wire encoder have 8 inputs, 3-bit binary code outputs, and 10-input, 4-bit binary code outputs, respectively.
Two. In the selection of encoders, customers often need to consider the following parameters:
1. Size of mechanical device: including positioning stop, shaft diameter, and device hole position; cable outlet mode; the volume of the installation space; Whether the protection level of the working environment meets the requirements.
2. Resolution: that is, the number of pulses output per turn during the operation of the encoder, whether it meets the accuracy requirements of the design and application.
3. Electrical interface: encoder output modes are commonly included push-pull output (F-type HTL pattern), voltage output (E), open collector circuit (C, common C is NPN tube output, C2 is PNP tube output), and long-line driver output. Its output mode should match the interface circuit of its control system.
There are three types of encoders: incremental, *** and hybrid.
(1) Incremental encoders
The incremental encoder directly uses the photoelectric conversion principle to output three sets of square wave pulses A, B and Z phases; The phase difference between the two groups of A and B pulses is 90o, so that the direction of rotation can be easily determined, and the Z phase is one pulse per revolution, which is used for reference point positioning. Its advantages are that the principle structure is simple, the average mechanical life can be more than tens of thousands of hours, the anti-interference ability is strong, the reliability is high, and it is suitable for long-distance transmission. Its disadvantage is that it cannot output the most important azimuth information of the shaft rotation.
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