1. Eddy current proximity switch
This type of switch is sometimes called an inductive proximity switch. It is the use of conductive objects to produce eddy currents inside the object when approaching the proximity switch that can generate an electromagnetic field. This eddy current reacts to the proximity switch, causing the internal circuit parameters of the switch to change, so as to identify whether there is a conductive object moving closer, and then control the switch on or off. The object that can be detected by such a proximity switch must be a conductor of electricity.
2. Capacitive proximity switch
The measurement of such a switch is usually one plate that makes up the capacitor, while the other plate is the housing of the switch. This housing is usually grounded or connected to the enclosure of the device during the measurement process. When an object moves towards the proximity switch, regardless of whether it is a conductor or not, due to its proximity, the dielectric constant of the capacitor must change, so that the capacitance changes, so that the state of the circuit connected to the measuring head also changes, so that the switch can be switched on or off. This proximity switch detects not only conductors, but also liquids and powders that can be insulated.
3. Hall proximity switch
A Hall element is a magnetic-sensitive element. Switches made of Hall elements are called Hall switches. When a magnetic object moves close to the Hall switch, the Hall element on the detection surface of the switch changes the internal circuit state of the switch due to the Hall effect, so as to identify the presence of a magnetic object nearby, and then control the switch on or off. The object of detection of such a proximity switch must be a magnetic object.
4. Photoelectric proximity switch
Switches made of the photoelectric effect are called photoelectric switches. The light-emitting device and the optoelectronic device are installed in the same detection head in a certain direction. When a reflective surface (the object to be detected) is approaching, the optoelectronic device receives the reflected light and outputs it in the signal, so that it can "sense" the approach of the object.
5. Pyroelectric proximity switch
Switches made with components that sense temperature changes are called pyroelectric proximity switches. This type of switch is to install a pyroelectric device on the detection surface of the switch, and when an object with a different temperature from the ambient approaches, the output of the pyroelectric device changes, so that an object can be detected.
6. Other types of proximity switches
When the distance of the observer or system to the wave source changes, the frequency of the approaching wave shifts, a phenomenon known as the Doppler effect. Sonar and radar are made using the principle of this effect. The Doppler effect can be used to make ultrasonic proximity switches, microwave proximity switches, etc. When an object is approaching, the reflected signal received by the proximity switch generates a Doppler shift, which can identify whether an object is approaching.
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