Mechanical
1. Bearing
The bearing clearance on the lead screw housing is too large after wear, or the bearing roller elements and cages are severely worn due to the lack of grease in the bearing, resulting in excessive loads. Excessive clearance after bearing wear will cause coaxiality error between the center of the motor rotor and the center of the lead screw, which will cause the mechanical system to jitter. Serious wear of the bearing rolling elements and cage will cause the friction to increase and lead to "stall", and the "stall" will not cause the "overload alarm", due to the excessive load, it will increase the response time of the servo system and cause vibration.
2. The motor rotor is unbalanced
If the dynamic balance of the motor rotor is defective during manufacturing or deteriorates after use, a vibration source similar to that of a "vibrating motor" is generated.
3. The shaft is bent
The bending of the rotating shaft is similar to the unbalanced rotor, which will produce not only the source of vibration, but also the coaxiality error between the center of the rotor and the center of the lead screw, which will cause the mechanical transmission system to jitter.
4. a coupling
Coupling manufacturing defects or wear after use will cause the coaxiality error of the two parts of the coupling, especially the use of cast rigid couplings, due to its own poor manufacturing accuracy, it is more likely to produce coaxiality errors and cause vibration.
5. The parallelism of the guide rail
The poor parallelism of the guide rail will cause the servo system to fail to reach the specified position or stay in the specified position, and the servo motor will keep looking for the position to make the motor vibrate continuously.
6. The parallelism error between the lead screw and the guide rail plane
The parallelism error between the lead screw and the guide rail plane, the parallelism error between the lead screw and the plane where the guide rail is located during the installation process will also cause the motor to vibrate due to uneven load.
7. The lead screw is bent
After the lead screw is bent, the lead screw will be subjected to a changing radial force in addition to the axial thrust, the radial force is large when bending is large, and the radial force is small when bending, and the radial force that should not exist will also make the mechanical transmission system vibrate.
Electrical
The main reason for the electrical aspect of the AC servo motor is the parameter adjustment of the servo drive.
1. Load inertia
The setting of load inertia is generally related to the size of the load, and excessive load inertia parameters will cause the system to vibrate, and the general AC servo motor can automatically measure the load inertia of the system.
2. Proportional gain of speed
The larger the set value, the higher the gain, the greater the system stiffness, the parameter value is determined according to the specific servo drive model and load situation, in general, the larger the load inertia, the larger the set value, in the case that the system does not produce vibration, the set value is as large as possible, but the larger the gain, the smaller the deviation, the easier it is to vibrate.
3. Velocity integral constant
Generally, in the case that the system does not produce vibration, the set value is as small as possible, the smaller the set value, the faster the integration speed, and the stronger the system resistance deviation, that is, the greater the stiffness, but too small is easy to produce overshoot, so that the motor vibrates.
4. Position proportional gain
The larger the setting value, the higher the gain, the greater the stiffness, and the smaller the position lag under the same frequency command pulse condition, and the larger the value may cause the motor to vibrate.
5. Acceleration feedback gain
When the motor is not rotating, a small offset will be amplified by the proportional gain of the speed loop, and the speed feedback will generate the corresponding torque, which will make the motor shake back and forth.
Judging by the scene
Knowing which aspects will cause vibration faults of AC servo motors, and how to further reduce the scope of faults and lock the cause of faults in actual maintenance, it is difficult to make a comprehensive judgment based on specific on-site information.
1. The fault occurs after the new equipment is turned on and debugged
The fault that occurs in this period of time is the most complex, it may be due to the reasons of mechanical manufacturing, it may also be the reason for the incorrect parameter adjustment, which needs to be eliminated step by step, the principle of exclusion is to eliminate the simple cause first, and then eliminate the complex, if the CNC system is equipped with more than two identical drives and AC servo motors, one of the motors produces vibration, you can use the simplest "exchange method" to replace the servo drives of the two AC servo motors, This method can be used to quickly determine whether the problem is in the servo drive parameter setting.
2. The fault occurs after the equipment has been in operation for a long time
In this case, the problem of servo drive parameter setting can be ruled out, because if the parameter is not set properly, the problem should have been reflected a long time ago.
3. The fault occurred just after the machine was turned on
If the AC servo motor vibrates just after starting, in this case, it can be determined that the mechanical jamming occurs when the CNC system automatically finds the origin of the machine tool, resulting in the motor can not reach the specified position or repeatedly after reaching the specified position, in this case, it is generally a mechanical failure.
4. The fault occurs when the machine tool is processing the workpiece
In such cases, the first consideration is the vibration caused by the increase in load during machining, and the cause of the increase in load is checked.
5. Faults occur continuously or irregularly
When the fault occurs continuously, it means that the fault cause of the motor vibration has always existed, and when the fault occurs irregularly, it means that the fault cause of the motor vibration sometimes changes, and if the load does not change greatly, the reason for the servo drive parameter setting can be basically ruled out.
The vibration fault of the AC servo motor is a complex cause in many aspects, and the proportion of motor failure caused by mechanical failure or mechanical failure is found to be large from the actual operation, and it is necessary to master the working principle of the AC servo system when eliminating this kind of fault, understand which reasons are easy to cause motor vibration failure, and at the same time combine the comprehensive judgment of the on-site situation to completely solve the vibration fault of the AC servo motor.
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