Solid state relays consist of three parts: the input circuit, the barrier (coupling), and the output circuit.
Input Circuit:
According to the different categories of input voltage, the input circuit can be divided into three types: DC input circuit, communication input circuit and AC and DC input circuit. Some input control circuits also have TTL/CMOS compatibility, positive and negative logic control and inverted phase functions, which can be easily connected with TTL and MOS logic circuits.
For the control signal with a fixed control voltage, a resistive input circuit is selected. The operating current is guaranteed to be greater than 5mA. For the control signal of large change scale (such as 3-32V), the constant current circuit is selected to ensure that the current is more than 5mA reliable operation in the whole voltage change scale.
Barrier (Coupling):
There are two types of blocking and coupling modes for the input and output circuits of solid-state relays: photoelectric coupling and transformer coupling: photodiode-phototriode, photodiode-bidirectional light-controlled thyristor, photovoltaic cell, to complete the control side and the load side barrier control; High-frequency transformer coupling is the self-excited high-frequency signal generated by the input control signal is coupled to the secondary, rectified by the detection wave, and processed by the logic circuit to form the driving signal.
Output Circuit:
The power switch of the SSR is directly connected to the power supply and the load side to complete the on/off switching of the load power supply. The main applications are high-power transistors (Transistor), unidirectional thyristors (Thyristor or SCR), triacs (Triac), power field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), and insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). The output circuit of the solid state relay can also be divided into DC output circuit, communication output circuit and AC and DC output circuit. According to the load type, it can be divided into DC solid state relay and communication solid state relay. Bipolar devices or power MOSFETs can be used for DC output, and two thyristors or one bidirectional thyristor can be used for communication output. The communication solid state relay can be divided into single-phase communication solid state relay and three-phase communication solid state relay. Communication solid-state relays, according to the timing of on-on and off-, can be divided into random communication solid-state relay and zero-crossing type communication solid-state relay.
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