Ultrasonic flow sensor is a new type of universal time-difference multi-function ultrasonic sensor suitable for industrial environments, mainly using low-voltage multi-pulse balanced emission acceptance technology, which can be mainly applied to measure the flow and heat of most clean and uniform liquids that do not contain large concentrations of suspended particles or gases.
Due to the robust function of ultrasonic flow sensors and their wide applicability, they are widely used in suitable environments. In order to help users better use, the operating principle of ultrasonic flow sensor is briefly sorted out and analyzed.
From a structural point of view, the ultrasonic flow sensor can be divided into three parts:1. electronic circuits; 2. Flow display and accumulation system; 3. Ultrasonic transducer. During the operation, the ultrasonic emission transducer first converts the electrical energy into ultrasonic waves and emits it into the target fluid, and the returned signal is accepted by the receiver, and then the electronic circuit expands and converts it into an electrical signal input to the display and accumulation system to complete the measurement.
From this, we can deduce the simple operating principle of the ultrasonic flow sensor: emit ultrasonic waves to measure the flow rate, recover the signal, convert the signal, and obtain the data.
According to the principle of signal detection, the ultrasonic flow sensor can be roughly divided into the transmission velocity difference method (including: 1. direct jet lag method; 2. Phase difference method; 3. Time Difference Method; 4. Frequency difference method) Doppler method, correlation method, beam offset method, spatial filtering method and noise method.
In the above-mentioned method, the principle and structure of the noise method are the most brief, and the ultrasonic flow sensor using the noise method is cheap and easy to measure and carry, and the defect is that the accuracy is low, and it is suitable for the occasion that the accuracy of flow measurement is not high.
Because the basic principles of the direct time difference method, the time difference method, the frequency difference method and the phase difference method are to reflect the flow velocity of the fluid by measuring the difference in velocity between the ultrasonic pulse along the flow and the countercurrent, it is also collectively referred to as the transmission velocity difference method.
Among them, the frequency difference method and the time difference method overcome the error caused by the change of sound velocity with the temperature of the fluid, and the accuracy is high, so it is widely used. According to the different configuration methods of the transducer, the transmission speed difference is divided into: Z method (transmission method), V method (reflection method), X method (cross method), etc.
The beam offset method uses the ultrasonic beam to offset with the change of fluid flow velocity to reflect the fluid flow velocity. The Doppler method uses the acoustic Doppler principle to determine the fluid flow rate by measuring the ultrasonic Doppler frequency shift scattered by the scatterer in the inhomogeneous fluid, which is suitable for the flow measurement of fluids containing suspended particles and bubbles.
In principle, the measurement accuracy of this method has nothing to do with the speed of sound in the fluid, so it has nothing to do with the fluid temperature, concentration, etc., so the measurement accuracy is high and the scope of application is wide. However, the correlator is expensive and the route is more complicated. With the widespread use of microprocessors, this shortcoming can be overcome.
The noise method (listening method) is based on the principle that the noise that occurs during fluid activity in a pipe is related to the flow rate of the fluid, and the measured noise indicates the flow rate or flow value. The method is simple, the equipment is cheap, but the accuracy is low.
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