There are three main starting methods of three-phase asynchronous: direct start, traditional decompression start and soft start.
Direct start, also called full pressure start. Decompression starting is to reduce the voltage on the stator winding during starting, and then restore the voltage to the rated after starting.
Including (1) stator series resistance or reactance starting, (2) star-delta (Ya-△) starting, and (3) autotransformer starting. Soft start can be divided into two categories: stepless and stepless, the former is binned, and the latter is continuous.
1. Direct start
That is, the voltage applied to the stator winding of the motor at the time of start-up is the rated voltage. Conditions for three-phase direct start (one condition is sufficient)
1. Motors with a capacity of 7 or 5KW or less can be used.
2. The voltage drop of the grid caused by the motor at the moment of starting is not more than 10% of the normal value of the voltage, and it can be relaxed to 15% for the motor that does not start frequently.
3. The empirical formula can be used to roughly estimate whether the motor can be started directly
Advantages: the required starting equipment is simple, the starting time is short, the starting mode is simple, reliable, and the required cost is low.
Disadvantages: There is a certain impact on the motor and the power grid
2. Step-down start
This is a starting method that reduces the voltage on the stator winding when the motor is started and increases the rated voltage at the end of the start. Step-down start can play a role in reducing the starting current of the motor, but because the torque is proportional to the square of the voltage, the torque of the motor decreases much during step-down start, so it is only suitable for no-load or light-load starting.
A. Autotransformer (also known as compensator) step-down start
(1) Wiring: The high-voltage side of the autotransformer is put into the power grid, and the low-voltage side is connected to the motor, and there are several taps with different voltage ratios for selection.
(2) Features: Let the transformation ratio of the autotransformer be K, the primary voltage is U1, the secondary voltage U2 = U1/K, the secondary current I2 (that is, the line current through the stator winding of the motor) is also proportionally reduced, and because I1 = I2/K, the starting current of the power supply to the motor is 1/K2 times when starting directly. Since the voltage is reduced by 1/K times, the torque is reduced by 1/K2 times.
There are 2-3 groups of taps on the secondary side of the autotransformer, such as 80%, 60% and 40% of the primary side voltage for the secondary voltage.
Advantages: Different taps of the autotransformer can be selected according to the allowable starting current and the required starting torque to achieve step-down starting, and the stator winding adopts Y or Δ.
Disadvantages: The equipment is large in size and the investment is expensive.
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