Welding robot laser processing is a processing method that uses a focused laser beam as a heat source to bombard the workpiece, melt the metal or non-metal workpiece to form small holes, incisions, connections, cladding, etc. Laser processing is essentially the process of interaction between laser and non-transparent matter, which is a quantum process on the microscopic level, and is manifested as reflection, absorption, heating, melting, gasification and other phenomena on the microscopic level.
Under the irradiation of laser beams of different power densities, various changes occur in the surface area of the material, including surface temperature increase, melting, vaporization, formation of small holes, and generation of photoinduced plasma.
The laser power density is less than an order of magnitude
When the laser power density is less than an order of magnitude, the metal absorption of laser energy only causes the temperature of the surface of the material to rise, but maintains the solid phase unchanged, which is mainly used for surface heat treatment, phase change hardening treatment or brazing of parts. When the laser power density is on the order of magnitude scale, heat conduction heating is generated, and the surface of the material will be melted, which is mainly used for surface remelting, alloying, cladding and heat conduction welding of metals (such as high-speed welding of thin plates and precision spot welding, etc.).
The laser power density reaches orders of magnitude
When the laser power density reaches the order of magnitude, the heating temperature of the center of the laser heat source reaches the boiling point of the metal under the irradiation of the laser beam, which constitutes plasma vapor and strong vaporization. At the same time, the metal vapor ionizes under the effect of the laser beam to produce photoinduced plasma. This stage is mainly used for laser beam deep penetration welding, cutting and drilling.
The laser beam power density is greater than orders of magnitude
When the power density of the laser beam is greater than the order of magnitude, the photoevogenic plasma will be transmitted in the opposite direction of the laser beam, forming a plasma cloud, showing the phenomenon of plasma shielding of the laser, which is only suitable for perforation, impact hardening and other processing with pulsed laser.
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