Depending on the way of transmission, infrared sensors can be divided into two types: active and passive.
1. Active infrared sensor
The transmitter of the active infrared sensor emits a modulated infrared beam, which is received by the infrared receiver, thus forming a cordon composed of infrared beams. When encountering leaves, rain, small animals, snow, dust, fog, no alarm, people or considerable volume of objects will be alarmed.
Active infrared detector technology mainly adopts one send and one receive, which belongs to linear prevention, and has now developed from the initial single beam to multiple beams, and can also be double-sent and double-received, which minimizes the false alarm rate, thereby enhancing the stability and reliability of the product.
Because infrared is a detection medium with good incoherence of environmental factors (good incoherence for sound, lightning, vibration, various artificial light sources and electromagnetic interference sources in the environment); At the same time, it is also a product with good coherence of target factors (only the target that blocks the infrared beam will trigger an alarm), so the active infrared sensor will be further promoted and applied.
2. Passive infrared sensor
Passive infrared sensors work by detecting infrared rays emitted by the human body. The sensor collects infrared radiation from the outside world and then concentrates it on the infrared sensor. Infrared sensors usually use pyroelectric components, which will release an electric charge when the temperature changes after receiving infrared radiation, and generate an alarm after detection and processing.
The sensor is designed to detect radiation from the human body. Therefore, the radiation sensitive element must be very sensitive to infrared radiation with a wavelength of about 10 μm. In order to be sensitive to the infrared radiation of the human body, its radiation surface is usually covered with a special filter, so that the interference of the environment is obviously controlled.
A PIR sensor consists of two pyroelectric elements that are connected in series or parallel to each other. Moreover, the two polarization directions are opposite, and the ambient background radiation has almost the same effect on the two pyroelectric elements, so that the release effect of the two pyroelectric elements cancels each other, so the detector has no signal output.
Once the intruder enters the detection area, the infrared radiation of the human body is focused through part of the mirror, so as to be received by pyroelectric electrons, but the heat received by the two pyroelectric electrons is different, and the pyroelectric is also different, which cannot be canceled out, and the alarm is generated by signal processing. Passive infrared sensors are widely used in human infrared detectors.
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