LDO, or low dropout regulator, is a low-dropout linear regulator that uses a transistor or field-effect transistor (FET) operating in its saturation region to subtract the excess voltage from the input voltage used to generate a conditioned output voltage.
1. The four major elements are: dropout, noise, PSRR, and quiescent current Iq
2. Primary components: start-up circuit, constant current source bias unit, enable circuit, trimming element, reference source, error amplifier, reaction resistor network and maintenance circuit, etc.
3. Operating principle
LDO basic circuit by series adjustment tube VT, sampling resistor R1 and R2, comparison amplifier A composition system power-up, if the enabling pin is at a high level, the circuit starts to start, the constant current source circuit to the whole circuit supply bias, the reference voltage is quickly established, the unconditioned input voltage as the voltage of the power supply, the reference voltage as the negative phase input voltage of the error amplifier, the resistance response network will divide the output voltage and obtain the reaction voltage, the reaction voltage input to the error comparator in the same direction, Compare with a negative reference. The two voltage differences are amplified by the error amplifier and directly control the gate of the power adjustment element, and the output of the LDO is controlled by changing the conduction condition of the adjustment tube, that is: Vout=(R1+R2)/R2 ×Vref
Practical low-dropout linear regulators also have other functions such as load short-circuit maintenance, overvoltage shutdown, thermal shutdown, reverse polarity maintenance, and more.
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