Manufacturing Automation Terminology – LS Electricity Generation

Create Date: 2024-8-30 12:03:23|Source: LS/Power Generation

I/O Points:

When discussing control systems, I/O points are a term that is often heard. It refers to the input/output point, I stands for INPUT, which refers to the input, and O stands for OUTPUT, which refers to the output. The input/output is for the control system, the input refers to the measurement parameters that enter the control system from the appearance, and the output refers to the parameters output from the control system to the actuator, and a parameter is called a point. The planning of a control system is sometimes determined by the number of I/O points that it can control.

                               Manufacturing Automation Terminology – LS Electricity Generation

Analog and switching quantities:

Another common term used in control systems is analogue and switching. Regardless of input or output, a parameter is either analog or switched. Analog means that the size of the control system is a series of values that change within a certain range, such as temperature, from 0-100 degrees, pressure from 0-10MPA, liquid level from 1-5 meters, and the opening of electric valves from 0-100%, etc., these quantities are all analog quantities. The switching quantity refers to the physical quantity as long as two conditions, such as the on-on and open-off of the switch, the closing and opening of the relay, the on-off and off-off of the solenoid valve, and so on. For the control system, because the CPU is binary, there are two states of "0" and "1" in each bit of data, so the switching amount can be expressed by one bit inside the CPU, for example, "0" means on, and "1" means off. Analog quantities are based on accuracy, and usually require 8 bits to 16 bits to represent an analog quantity. *The common analog quantity is 12 bits, that is, the accuracy is 2-12, and the *high accuracy is about 2.5/10,000. Of course, in the actual control system, the accuracy of the analog quantity is also limited by the accuracy of the analog/digital converter and the appearance, and it is usually impossible to reach such a high level.

Control Loop:

Usually for the manipulation of analog quantities, a manipulator determines an output quantity according to an input quantity according to certain rules and algorithms, so that the input and output form a control loop. There is a difference between open-loop and closed-loop control loops. An open-loop control loop means that the output is based on a reference quantity, and there is no direct relationship between the input and output quantities. In the case of a closed-loop loop, the output of the control loop is then reflected back as the input of the loop, and the output value of the quantity is compared with the set value or the output value that should be given. Closed-loop manipulation, also known as reactive manipulation, is the most common manipulation method in the manipulation system. Here are a few modes of general reaction manipulation.

Two-position control:

This is a simple reactive control, sometimes called a switch control. This control is to give a switch signal when the measurement reaches a high or low value. Although it may be an analog quantity to be measured, the control output is on/off, so it is called two-person control. In industrial sites, there are many thermostats and level switches that operate in this way.

Share Manipulation:

The deviation of the output value of the manipulator from the measured and set value of the controlled parameter or a reference point is a share relationship. The share control is a bit smoother than the two-position control, eliminating the situation that can occur when the controlled amount is vibrating up and down during the two-position control. For example, if the level of a reactor is set at 2700 mm, when the level is lowered, the valve on the feed pipe should add an opening, and when the level is high, the opening should be reduced. The amount of shares added and decreased is related to the deviation of the level and the set value.
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