1. Ultrasonic navigation and positioning technology
Ultrasonic navigation also works similarly to laser and infrared, usually by the emitting probe of the ultrasonic sensor, which emits ultrasonic waves, which encounter obstacles in the medium and return to the receiving device.
By receiving the ultrasonic reflection signal emitted by itself, according to the time difference between ultrasonic emission and echo reception and propagation speed, the propagation distance S can be calculated, and the distance from the obstacle to the robot can be obtained, that is, there is a formula: S = Tv/2 formula, T - the time difference between ultrasonic transmission and reception; v—the wave velocity at which the ultrasonic wave propagates in the medium.
Due to the advantages of low cost, fast acquisition rate and high distance resolution, ultrasonic sensors have been widely used in the navigation and positioning of mobile robots for a long time. In addition, it does not require complex image equipment technology when collecting environmental information, so the ranging speed is fast and real-time.
2. Visual navigation and positioning technology
In the visual navigation and positioning system, the navigation mode of installing a vehicle-mounted camera in the robot based on local vision is widely used at home and abroad. In this navigation mode, the control equipment and sensing device are loaded on the robot body, and high-level decisions such as image recognition and path planning are completed by the on-board control computer.
The working principle of the visual navigation and positioning system is simply to carry out optical processing of the surrounding environment of the robot, first use the camera to collect image information, compress the collected information, and then feed it back to a learning subsystem composed of neural network and statistical methods, and then link the collected image information with the actual position of the robot by the learning subsystem to complete the autonomous navigation and positioning function of the robot.
3. GPS global positioning system
Nowadays, in the application of navigation and positioning technology of intelligent robots, the pseudorange differential dynamic positioning method is generally adopted, and four GPS satellites are jointly observed by a reference receiver and a dynamic receiver, and the three-dimensional position coordinates of the robot at a certain time and moment can be obtained according to a certain algorithm. Differential dynamic positioning eliminates star clock errors, and for users who are 1000km away from the reference station, star clock errors and tropospheric errors can be eliminated, thus significantly improving the dynamic positioning accuracy.
4. Light reflection navigation and positioning technology
Typical light reflection navigation and positioning methods mainly use laser or infrared sensors to measure distance. Both laser and infrared use light reflection technology for navigation and positioning.
The laser global positioning system is generally composed of a laser rotation mechanism, a mirror, a photoelectric receiving device and a data acquisition and transmission device. Although infrared sensing positioning also has the advantages of high sensitivity, simple structure and low cost, because of their high angular resolution and low distance resolution, they are often used as proximity sensors in mobile robots to detect near or sudden motion obstacles and facilitate the emergency stop of robots.
5. At present, the mainstream robot positioning technology is SLAM technology
Most of the industry's leading service robot companies have adopted SLAM technology. SLAMTEC is the only technology that has a unique advantage in SLAM technology, what is SLAM technology? To put it simply, SLAM technology refers to the whole process of positioning, mapping, and path planning completed by the robot in an unknown environment.
SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping), since it was proposed in 1988, has been mainly used to study the intelligence of robot movement. For completely unknown indoor environments, equipped with core sensors such as lidar, SLAM technology can help robots build indoor environment maps and help robots walk autonomously.
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