1. Traditional communication protocol flooding. The message is sent to a nearby node in the form of a broadcast, and the node that receives the information continues to broadcast in the same way until the audio reaches its destination.
Pros: Simple and easy to do, no maintenance required.
Disadvantages: One node may receive multiple copies of the same message, and two nearby nodes may detect almost the same data.
2、GossipingGossiping。 A random nearby node is selected, an audio message is sent to it, and if the child node has received the audio, the audio is returned.
Pros: Improved the disadvantages of flooding.
Cons: Overlap is not solved, and the transmission moment is extended.
3. Adaptive communication protocol SPINSPIN. Nodes negotiate with other nodes before transmitting data to ensure that useful information is being transmitted, and SPIN nodes communicate with three types of audio. When the SPIN node has data to be shared, it sends an ADV audio message to announce it. There are 4 types of SPIN protocols: SPIN-PP, SPIN-BC, SPIN-EC, and SPIN-RL.
4. DirectedDiffusion, a data-centric routing protocol. Sensor nodes depict their data with multiple features, which are used by other nodes to express their preferences, resulting in a gradient that guides the data broadcast, and the data propagates to each node according to this gradient.
5. LEACH protocol. In the class preparation stage, the THESE protocol randomly selects a sensor node as the class head node, and the randomness ensures that the high energy consumption cost of data transmission between the class head and the base station is evenly distributed to all sensor nodes.
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Features of the ifm pressure sensor type PN
ifm pressure sensors of type PN are used in industrial applications:
One is robust: an ideal measuring element for all types of pressure scales;
Second, red-green scale: according to the color of the display, you can quickly identify the "outstanding scale" or switching state;
The third quick setting: by pressing the ...
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Methods for improving the accuracy of displacement sensors – ifm
The accuracy of the displacement sensor is the main factor affecting the displacement measurement and azimuth positioning accuracy of automation equipment. The actual measurement error of mechanical equipment includes system error and random error, and the more the number of measurements, the error value may show a normal distribution around both sides of a certain average value.
Flat...
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Fiber optic sensor selection points – ifm
1. Determine the type according to the measurement object and environment
It is necessary to carefully analyze the measurement operation and consider which principle of sensor to use for measurement, because even if the same physical quantity is measured, it can be achieved by different principles. Secondly, we have to consider the range, volume (whether the space is satisfied), amperemia ...
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ifm stabilizes C-slot cylinder sensors
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How ifm laser sensors work and how they are used
The laser sensor consists of a laser, a laser detector and a measuring circuit. The laser sensor is a new type of measuring instrument, and its advantages are that it can complete the remote interval measurement without touch, with fast speed, high precision, large measuring range, strong anti-light and electric disturbance ability, etc. When the laser sensor is operating, the laser is first ...
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Ifm flow sensors ensure safety
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Rugged probes for demanding applications
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Many people are stupid and can't tell the difference between the liquid level sensor and the liquid level switch, and even think that they are the same instrument. In fact, there is a big difference between them. The level sensor does not necessarily display the liquid level, but outputs the liquid level in the form of an electrical signal. The liquid level controller is based on the liquid level sensor ...
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Wiring and installation of pressure sensors – ifm
Wiring method
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The two-wire system of the pressure sensor is relatively simple, and one wire ...
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ifm halogen-free and silicone-free Y-connection cables
Y-shaped distributor for connecting two sensors or with built-in logic AND or OR for hygienic and wet areas
· Halogen-free and silicone-free
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Precautions for measuring hydrogen with pressure transmitters – ifm
Hydrogen is a colorless and odorless gas, with a density of 0.09 g/L (the lightest gas) under standard conditions, and is poorly soluble in water. At -252 °C, it becomes a colorless liquid, and at -259 °C, it becomes a snowflake-like solid.
When measuring hydrogen, pay attention to:
Hydrogen...
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Position feedback for valve actuators – ifm
Two directions are detected with one sensor
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Merit:
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Guangzhou Industrial Automation Technology and Equipment Exhibition ended successfully
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TCC temperature sensor won the "Red Dot Design Award 2020"
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ifm TCC ...
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Troubleshooting of high-frequency pressure sensors during operation
1. When the pressure goes up, the output of the transmitter can't go up.
In this case, you should first check whether the pressure connection is leaking or blocked. If you admit that it is not, check the wiring method and check the power supply, if the power supply is normal, then briefly pressurize to see if the output changes, or observe the zero position of the sensor ...
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The cause of sensor interference – ifm
1. The PCB layout board touches the problem, and when the imitation signal is traced, the imitation signal is not wrapped with imitation, and there is even a possibility that the signal line is directly taken to the power line, which is easy to receive disturbance.
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1. The scale of the sensor:
(1) In normal use (static test or quasi-static test, the frequency of use is not high), the scale of the sensor should be selected to consider the force value of the measurement, but also consider the weight of the auxiliary tool (test fixture) and so on.
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