Dynamic features:
The so-called dynamic characteristics of the sensor refer to the characteristics of the output of the sensor when the input changes. In practice, the dynamic characteristics of a sensor are often expressed in terms of its response to some standard input signal. This is because the sensor's response to the standard input signal is easy to find experimentally, and there is a certain relationship between its response to the standard input signal and its response to any input signal. The performance indicators of the main dynamic characteristics of the sensor are the unit step response performance index in the time domain and the frequency characteristic performance index in the frequency domain, so its dynamic characteristics are also often expressed by step response and frequency response.
Knowing the static and dynamic characteristics of a sensor can be very helpful in selecting a sensor, as it will show you the indicators of the sensor and you will know if it is suitable for the application you need.
Static features:
The static characteristics of a sensor refer to the correlation between the output and input of the sensor for the static input signal. Because the input quantity and the output quantity are independent of time, the relationship between them, that is, the static characteristics of the sensor, can be described by an algebraic equation without time variables, or the characteristic curve drawn with the input quantity as the abscissa and the corresponding output quantity as the ordinate, which simply refers to the relationship between the output and input of the system when the input of the detection system is a constant signal that does not change with time. The main parameters that characterize the static characteristics of a sensor are: linearity, sensitivity, hysteresis, repeatability, drift, measurement range, accuracy, resolution, threshold, stability, etc. Here are a few parameters to introduce:
Linearity: Refers to the degree to which the actual relationship curve between the output and input of the sensor deviates from the fitting straight line.
Sensitivity: Sensitivity is an important indicator of the static characteristics of a sensor. It is defined as the ratio of the increment Y of the output to the corresponding increment X of the input that caused the increment. It indicates the magnitude of the change in sensor output caused by a change in unit input. If the sensitivity S-value is higher, the sensor is more sensitive.
Hysteresis: The phenomenon that the input and output characteristic curves of the sensor do not coincide during the change of input quantity from small to large (positive stroke) and input quantity from large to small (reverse stroke) is called hysteresis. In other words, for the same size of input signal, the difference in the output signal of the sensor is the hysteresis.
Drift: The drift of the sensor refers to the phenomenon that the output of the sensor changes with time while the input amount remains unchanged, which is drift.
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