1. The switching quantity is also called the logical quantity, which means that there are only two values, 0 or 1, ON or OFF. It is the most commonly used control, and it is the advantage of PLC to control it, and it is also the most basic use of PLC.
The intention of switching quantity control is to make the PLC produce the corresponding switching output according to the current input combination of switching quantity and the historical input order of the switching quantity, so that the system can operate in a certain order. Therefore, it is sometimes referred to as sequential manipulation.
Sequential control is divided into manual, semi-active or active. There are three types of control principles adopted: decentralized, centralized and mixed.
2. Imitation quantity refers to some physical quantities that change one after another, such as voltage, current, pressure, velocity, flow, etc.
PLC is developed by the introduction of microprocessing technology in relay control, which can be easily and reliably used for switching control. Because the imitation quantity can be converted into a digital quantity, and the digital quantity is only a multi-digit switching quantity, the converted analog quantity can also be reliably processed and controlled by the PLC.
Because successive production processes often have imitation quantities, imitation quantity manipulation is sometimes referred to as process manipulation.
The imitation amount is mostly right and wrong, while the PLC can only handle the digital quantity and the amount of electricity. All the conversions between them need to be sensored to convert the analog quantity into a digital amount of electricity. If the amount of electricity is not standardized, the non-standard amount of electricity should be turned into a standardized electrical signal through the transmitter, such as 4-20mA, 1-5V, 0-10V and so on.
At the same time, there should also be an analog input unit (A/D) to replace these standard electrical signals with digital signals; Analog output unit (D/A) to replace the digital quantity processed by the PLC with the analog quantity, which is a standardized electrical signal.
Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the conversion between electrical signals and digital quantities, and various operations are required. This requires a clear understanding of the resolution of the analog unit and the standard electrical signal. For example:
The resolution of the PLC simulation unit is 1/32767, the corresponding standard power is 0-10V, and the temperature value to be detected is 0-100 °C. Then 0-32767 corresponds to a temperature value of 0-100°C. The figure corresponding to 1°C is then calculated to be 327.67. If you want to be accurate to 0.1°C, you can use 327.67/10.
Imitation manipulation includes: feedback manipulation, feedforward manipulation, proportional manipulation, ambiguous manipulation, etc. These are the accounting processes for digital quantities within the PLC.
3. The pulse quantity is a digital quantity whose value is always replaced and changed between 0 (low level) and 1 (high level). The number of times a pulse replaces changes per second is called frequency.
The control intention of PLC pulse quantity is mainly position control, motion control, track control, etc. For example, the use of pulse numbers in angle manipulation. The subdivision of the stepper motor driver is 10,000 per revolution, which requires the stepper motor to rotate 90 degrees. Then the pulse value to be operated = 10000/(360/90) = 2500.
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