Delixi voltage regulator will have a stable preset amplitude of a fixed output voltage, regardless of its input voltage or load conditions change.
There are two types of voltage regulators: linear and switched
The linear regulator uses an active (BJT or MOSFET) pass-through device (series or parallel) operated by a high-gain differential amplifier. It compares the output voltage to a fine reference and adjusts the flow device to maintain a stable output voltage. A switching regulator converts the DC input voltage to a switching voltage applied to a power MOSFET or BJT switch. The filtered output voltage of the power switch is reflected on a circuit that controls the opening and closing times of the power switch, so that the output voltage remains stable regardless of whether the input voltage or load current changes. What are the topologies of switching regulators?
There are three common topologies: buck, boost, and buck/boost. Other topologies include flyback, SEPIC, Cuk, push-pull, forward, full-bridge, and half-bridge topologies.
How does switching frequency affect regulator design?
Higher switching frequencies mean that the regulator can use smaller inductors and capacitors. This also means higher switching losses and more circuit noise.
What are the losses of switching regulators?
The power required to flip and close the MOSFET induces losses and is associated with the MOSFET gate driver. Similarly, it takes time to switch from an on-state to a non-conductive state, so MOSFET power consumption occurs. In addition, the energy required to charge and discharge the gate capacitor of the MOSFET between the threshold voltage and the gate voltage also causes losses.
What are the common uses of linear and switching regulators?
Given the input and output voltages, the power consumption of a linear regulator is proportional to the output current, so the typical power can be 50% or less. The switching regulator is optimized to achieve 90% of the power. However, the noise output of a linear regulator is much lower than that of a switching regulator with the same output voltage and current requirements. Typically, switching regulators can drive higher current loads than linear regulators.
How does a switching regulator control its output?
A switching regulator needs to have its output voltage changed in some way to match the input and output voltage changes. One way to do this is to use PWM to manipulate the input of the relevant power switch and then manipulate its switching time (duty cycle). During operation, the filtered output voltage of the regulator is reflected in the PWM manipulator to control the duty cycle. If the filter output is changed, the reaction applied to the PWM manipulator changes the duty cycle to maintain a stable output voltage.
What design specifications are important for regulator ICs?
The basic parameters include the input voltage, output voltage, and output current. Depending on the application, other parameters may also be important, such as output ripple voltage, load transient response, output noise, and power. Important parameters for a linear regulator include dropout voltage, PSRR (power supply ratio), and output noise.
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