1. According to the measurement object and measurement environment
In order to carry out a specific measurement operation, it is necessary to consider the principle of the sensor first, which requires an analysis of many factors. Because, even if the same physical quantity is measured, there are multiple principles of sensors to choose from, which principle of the sensor is more suitable, then the following specific issues need to be considered according to the characteristics to be measured and the application conditions of the sensor: the size of the range, the requirements of the measured position on the volume of the sensor, the measurement method is contact or wrong contact, the method of signal extraction, wired or wrong contact measurement, the source of the sensor, domestic or imported, whether the price is acceptable, or self-developed; After considering the above questions, it is possible to recognize the type of sensor to use, and then consider the specific function policy of the sensor.
2. Selection of sensitivity
In general, within the linear programming of a sensor, the higher the sensitivity of the sensor, the better. Since only when the sensitivity is high, the value of the output signal corresponding to the change to be measured is relatively large, which is conducive to signal processing. However, it should be noted that the sensitivity of the sensor is high, and the external noise that is not related to the measurement is also slightly mixed, which will also be extended by the extension system, which will affect the measurement accuracy. Therefore, it is required that the sensor itself should have a high signal-to-noise ratio to minimize the disturbance signal introduced from the outside world.
The sensitivity of the sensor is directional. When the measured quantity is univector and its directionality is required to be high, the sensor with low sensitivity in other directions should be selected; Assuming that the measured is a multi-dimensional vector, the smaller the interspersed sensitivity of the sensor, the better.
3. Frequency echo characteristics
The frequency echo characteristics of the sensor determine the frequency plan to be measured, and it is necessary to insist on no distortion within the permissible frequency plan. In fact, there is always a certain delay in the response of the sensor, and the shorter the delay time, the better. The higher the frequency response of the sensor, the wider the measurable signal frequency planning. In dynamic measurements, the characteristics of the signal (steady-state, transient, random, etc.) should be echoed to avoid excessive errors.
4. Linear programming
Linear planning of a sensor refers to the planning in which the output is proportional to the input. Theoretically, within this plan, the sensitivity is maintained at a fixed value. The wider the linear programming of the sensor, the greater the measuring range and the guaranteed measurement accuracy. When selecting a sensor, when the variety of the sensor is recognized, the first thing to see is whether its range meets the requirements.
But in reality, no sensor can guarantee a certain linearity, and its linearity is also relative. When the required measurement accuracy is relatively low, the sensor with less nonlinear error can be approximated as linear within a certain plan, which will bring great convenience to the measurement.
5. Stability
The ability of a sensor to remain unchanged after a period of use is called stability. In addition to the structure of the sensor itself, the factors that affect the long-term stability of the sensor are mainly the operating environment of the sensor. Therefore, in order for the sensor to have good stability, it is necessary for the sensor to have strong environmental adaptability.
Before selecting a sensor, it is necessary to investigate the environment in which it will be used, and select the appropriate sensor according to the specific environment in which it will be used, or take appropriate measures to reduce the impact of the environment.
There is a quantitative approach to the stability of the sensor, and after the service period has expired, it should be calibrated from scratch before operation to confirm whether the function of the sensor has changed.
In some occasions where the sensor is required to be used for a long time and cannot be easily replaced or calibrated, the stability requirements of the selected sensor are more stringent, and it is necessary to be able to withstand long-term detection.
6. Accuracy
Accuracy is an important function policy of the sensor, and it is an important link related to the measurement accuracy of the entire measurement system. The higher the accuracy of the sensor, the more expensive it is, so the accuracy of the sensor only needs to meet the accuracy requirements of the entire measurement system, and it does not have to be too high. This makes it possible to choose between inexpensive and simple sensor Atlas compressor accessories among many sensors for the same measurement purpose.
Assuming that the purpose of measurement is qualitative analysis, it is sufficient to select a sensor with high repeatability, and it is not appropriate to choose a sensor with high accuracy of a certain value; Assuming that it is necessary to obtain accurate measured values for quantitative analysis, it is necessary to select a sensor with the required accuracy level.
For some special applications, if the appropriate sensor cannot be selected, the sensor needs to be designed and manufactured by itself. The function of the self-made sensor should meet the application requirements.
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