The scientific PLC programming steps are actually very simple, but most engineers often think that they are simple and ignore many details. Ignoring the details will inevitably lead to problems in the future. If you want to avoid problems in the future, you can only abide by the rules well, no rules are not a circle, PLC programming has its own rules.
Step 1: Read the product manual
The first step may seem like a no-brainer, but many engineers can't.
Carefully reading the manual is the first step in programming, first of all, read the safety rules, know which performance organizations may cause damage to the person, which tissues are most prone to collisions, and how to deal with risks when they occur, these most fatal problems are in the safety rules, and reading the product manual is an essential one.
In addition, the characteristics of each element of the equipment, the application method, and the debugging method are also in the manual, and even if the program is correct, if the components are not debugged, the equipment cannot be operated. In addition, all the circuit diagrams, pneumatic and hydraulic circuit diagrams, and assembly drawings are also in the manual, and you need to read it to know what kind of modification can be made for each component.
Step 2: Check the I/O according to the manual
View I/O, commonly known as "dotting". There are many ways to check I/O, but you must check it in turn according to the address provided in the manual, and check it in a safe state.
When looking at the input point, the general input signal is nothing more than a variety of sensors, such as capacitive, inductive, photoelectric, piezoresistive, ultrasonic, magnetic, and travel switches. To view these components, it is as simple as placing the workpiece on the station according to the component instructions, or moving the fulfillment organization to see if the sensor has a signal. Of course, different devices may have different detection methods, depending on the situation.
However, you need to be extra careful when looking at the output signal. In the case of electric drive products, it is necessary to electrify the drive of the fulfillment organization and check whether the fulfillment tissue can move under a safe condition, especially if the equipment does not collide. In the case of hydraulic or pneumatic actuation organizations, the reversing valves are also manually energized under safe conditions, and then the actuation organizations are operated. When looking at the output signal, no matter what the driving method of the performance organization is, it must be based on the component manual, first of all, to ensure the safety of the equipment and people, and it should be noted that not all equipment performance organization can be powered on for testing, so sometimes individual output signals may not be able to be tested manually.
Whether it is an input or output device, when the sensor has a signal or the drive of the performance organization is energized, it is necessary to check together whether the I/O module indicator on the PLC is also lit. In many equipment, the input and output signals are connected with the PLC through the terminal block, and sometimes the indicator light of the terminal has a signal, but it cannot be ensured that the corresponding address on the PLC is not connected due to the internal circuit of the connecting wire. This is something to keep in mind.
After measuring the input and output signals, the measured address should be recorded together to ensure that the signal address is consistent with the manual. If there is a difference, measure the address of the equipment again, and if the measurement is still inconsistent after repeated measurements, contact the equipment manufacturer first, because at this time it is not possible to ensure that the address provided by the manufacturer is not wrong.
Step 3: Open the programming software, set up the hardware, and write the I/O address in the symbol table.
Different PLCs use different programming software. However, for any kind of software, the first step before programming is to carry out hardware configuration, and establish hardware equipment and corresponding communication equipment according to the type of actual PLC. After the hardware configuration is completed, the I/O addresses that were previously recorded on paper are written down in the symbol table of the software. Due to the different software, the boundary of the symbol table may be different, but the general software has this function, and this step is crucial. When writing the symbol table, it is not only necessary to write the positive address of the device input and output correctly, but it is also best to name each address and add comments, which will be very convenient for later programming. You don't need to look up the exact address every time you program it, just fill in the named title. Of course, it also depends on whether the software has this function or not.
Step 4: Write out the program flowchart
Before programming, it is necessary to write a flowchart of the program on a draft. A good program should include the main program, the stop program, the emergency stop program, the reset program and other parts, if the software agrees, each program should be written in the way of "block", that is, a program is a block, after all, each block can be called according to the demand.
PLC is best at processing sequence control, in the order control of the main process is the core, must ensure that the process is correct, to carefully check on the draft. If there is a problem with the main process, when the program is carried out by the PLC, it is likely to collide, damage the equipment or pose a risk to people.
Step 5: Write a program in the software
Once you've made sure that there are no issues with the main process, you're ready to write programs in the software. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to the correctness of the abort, emergency stop and reset procedures, especially the suspension and emergency stop procedures, which are the most important procedures related to personal safety and equipment safety, and should not be underestimated. It is important to ensure that under no circumstances will the equipment cause injury to persons as long as the suspension or emergency stop procedures are carried out. It is recommended that you pay attention to the training of WeChat technology.
Step 6: Debug the program
In the debugging process, there are two aspects to be done.
1. If the conditions are yes, or your logic ability is super strong, you can use the simulation function of the software to test first, but many cumbersome programs are difficult to use software simulation to see whether the program is correct.
2. Transfer the program to the PLC for online debugging. If the equipment does not move or there is an abnormal condition during operation, do not correct the program first, it is likely that the sensor is not debugged in place, if you make sure that the sensor is correct, then correct the program.
Step 7: After the debugging is completed, correct the program again
In the previous debugging step, due to the correction of the program, it is necessary to review or correct the program again, and then transfer the final program to the PLC.
Step 8: Save the program
In this step, it is important to keep in mind the question of where should I save the program? PC hard drive? Flash memory devices? Portable hard drives? Of course, none of these storage devices can be infected with viruses. Therefore, the program must and can only be burned onto the disc. And there is also a question, which program is the program for firing? In the past, we have downloaded the program that has been debugged and corrected to the PLC, and if the PLC is completely correct in the execution of the program, the program will be uploaded to the PC and the program will be burned to the CD. Everything above is for safety.
Step 9: Fill out the report
After completing the programming, you should fill in the final debugging report, and record the problems encountered and some difficult problems of the program one by one. Because after a long time, you will also forget some of the tricks of the program, and it will also make it easier for other partners to understand the program you have written.
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