Banner Sensors - Classification of Fiber Optic Sensors and an Introduction to Their Advantages and Disadvantages

Create Date: 2024-8-30 12:03:23|Source: BANNER

1. Intensity-modulated optical fiber sensor

It is a sensor that uses changes in the refractive index, absorption, or reflection of sensitive components caused by changes in the parameters of the measured object to achieve sensitive measurements. There are microbending losses using optical fibers; absorption characteristics of each substance; changes in the intensity of reflected light from the diaphragm or liquid crystal; The phenomenon that a substance emits light due to various particle rays or chemical and mechanical excitation; and fluorescence radiation of substances or blocking of optical paths to form various intensity modulated fiber optic sensors such as pressure, vibration, temperature, displacement, and gas.

Advantages: simple structure, easy to implement, low cost.

Disadvantages: It is greatly affected by the fluctuation of light source intensity and connector loss.

2. Polarization modulation optical fiber sensor

It is a sensor that uses the change of optical polarization state to transmit the information of the measured object. There are current and magnetic field sensors made by using the Faraday effect of light propagating in a magnetic field; Electric field and voltage sensors made by using the bubble effect of light propagating in the piezoelectric crystal in the electric field; pressure, vibration, or sound sensors that use the photoelastic effect of matter; and birefringence using optical fibers to form temperature sensors, pressure sensors, vibration sensors, etc.

Advantages: It can avoid the influence of changes in the intensity of the light source, so it is highly sensitive.

Cons: Not easy to implement

3. Frequency modulated fiber optic sensor

It is a sensor that monitors the change in the frequency of the light reflected back from monochromatic light on the measured object. There are fiber optic velocity, flow rate, vibration, pressure, and acceleration sensors that use the Doppler effect of reflected and scattered light from moving objects; Gas sensors that measure gas concentrations or monitor atmospheric pollution using Raman scattering when a substance is exposed to strong light; and temperature sensors that utilize photoluminescence.

Advantages: easy to implement, low cost

Disadvantages: Low sensitivity

4. Phase modulation sensor

The basic principle is to use the effect of the measured object on the sensitive element to change the refractive index or propagation constant of the sensitive element, resulting in the phase change of the light, so that the interference fringes produced by the two monochromatic lights change, and the phase change of the light is determined by detecting the change of the interference fringes, so as to obtain the information of the measured object. There are often sound, pressure, or vibration sensors that utilize the photoelastic effect; current and magnetic field sensors that use the magnetostrictive effect; Electric field and voltage sensors that use electrostriction, and rotational angular rate sensors (fiber optic gyroscopes) that use the Sagnac effect of fiber optic fibers, etc. This type of sensor has a high sensitivity. However, due to the need for special optical fibers and high-precision inspection systems, the cost is high.
Banner Sensors - Classification of Fiber Optic Sensors and an Introduction to Their Advantages and Disadvantages

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