1. Platinum thermal resistance
The platinum metal is used as the temperature sensing element, and then together with the inner lead and the protective tube, the platinum thermal resistance temperature sensor is formed. It is also often connected to external measurement circuits, controls, and mechanisms to form a temperature sensor.
There are two main forms of this sensor: Pt100 and Pt10. The resistance values of Pt100 and Pt10 are 100 ohms and 10 ohms respectively at 0°C, and they both measure temperatures from -200°C to 850°C. Pt10 is made of thicker metal platinum wire, which has better temperature resistance than Pt100, and is mainly used for temperature measurement above 650°C. Since platinum is a precious metal, the cost of Pt10 is higher than that of Pt100, so when measuring temperatures below 650°C, Pt100 is the main one, and the resolution of Pt100 is 10 times greater than that of Pt10.
In engineering applications, it is not necessary to calculate the actual temperature value according to the formula, nor to memorize the specific values of the constants A, B, and C, but to calculate the temperature value according to the indexing table.
2. Copper RTD
The copper RTD temperature sensor is made by using the principle that the resistance value of copper metal changes with temperature. The main copper RTDs are: Cu50 with a resistance value of 50 ohms and Cu100 with a resistance value of 100 ohms at a temperature of 0°C. According to the structure of the protective tube, copper thermal resistance is divided into assembled (detachable) and armored (non-detachable, built-in copper resistor).
The temperature coefficient of copper RTD is larger than that of platinum RTD, the linearity is good, and the sensor made of it has high sensitivity and low price. However, its resistivity is low, the volume of the resistive body is large, the response is slow, the stability is poor, and it is often used when the measurement accuracy requirements are not very high and the measured temperature is low. In the range of -50°C-150°C, the relationship between the resistance value and temperature is almost linear.
As with platinum RTDs, in engineering applications, there is no need to calculate the temperature value according to a formula, nor does it need to rote the specific values of the constants A, B, and C, but rather to calculate the temperature value according to the indexing table.
3. Several commonly used connection methods
The measurement circuit of RTD sensors is commonly used in DC bridge circuits. Since the industrial RTD is installed at the production site and is far away from the control room, the lead-out of the RTD has a great influence on the measurement results. In order to reduce or eliminate the influence of the resistance of the lead-out wire, the connection method of the RTD tR lead-out wire is often used in the two-wire system and the three-wire system, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
1. Two-wire system
The two-wire temperature measurement bridge is shown in Figure 1, (a) is a schematic diagram, and (b) is an equivalent circuit diagram. As can be seen from the figure (b), the lead resistance Rw and Rt together constitute the measurement resistance, i.e., the measurement resistance is Rt+2Rw. Since the resistance of the lead resistor varies with the environment and the distance from the site, the temperature measurement accuracy of Rt is also affected.
Two-wire RTD measurement bridge
2. Three-wire system
In order to eliminate the influence of lead resistance in the two-wire system, a three-wire connection method was designed, as shown in Figure 2. This connection method, because a resistor Rw is also introduced in the adjacent arm, can partially eliminate the influence of the lead resistance in the two-wire system, and its measurement accuracy is higher than that of the two-wire system, and it is widely used in industrial temperature detection.
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