Photoelectric sensors that use optoelectronic components as sensitive components have a wide variety of types and applications. According to the nature of the output of photoelectric sensors, they can be divided into two categories:
(1) The photoelectric measuring instrument made by converting the measured into a continuously changing photocurrent can be used to measure the intensity of light and the physical quantities such as temperature, light transmittance, displacement and surface state of the object. For example: illuminance meter for measuring light intensity, photoelectric pyrometer, photoelectric colorimeter and turbidity meter, photoelectric alarm to prevent fire, automatic detection devices and instruments for checking the diameter, length, ovality and surface roughness of the processed parts, and the sensitive components are all optoelectronic components. Semiconductor optoelectronic components are not only widely used in the field of civilian industry, but also have an important position in the military. For example, lead sulfide photoresistors can be used to make infrared night vision devices, infrared cameras and infrared navigation systems.
(2) I convert the measured photoelectric current into a continuously changing photocurrent. A variety of photoelectric automatic devices made by using the characteristics of "have" or "no" electrical signal output when photoelectric components are irradiated by light or no light. The optoelectronic element is used as a switching photoelectric conversion element. For example, the photoelectric input of the electronic computer, the switching temperature adjustment device and the digital photoelectric speedometer for speed measurement.
1. Smoke and dust turbidity monitor
Preventing industrial smoke pollution is one of the important tasks of environmental protection. In order to eliminate industrial soot pollution, it is necessary to know the amount of soot emissions first, so it is necessary to monitor, automatically display and alarm the source of soot. The soot turbidity in the flue is measured by the magnitude of the change in the transmission of light in the flue. If the turbidity of the flue gas increases, the light emitted by the light source is absorbed and refracted by the soot particles and increases, and the light reaching the light detector decreases, so the strength of the output signal of the light detector can reflect the change of the turbidity of the flue.
2. Barcode scanning pen
When the scanning pen tip moves on the barcode, if it encounters a black line, the light of the light-emitting diode will be absorbed by the black line, and the photosensitive transistor cannot receive the reflected light, which is in a high impedance and is in a cut-off state. When the white interval is encountered, the light emitted by the light-emitting diode is reflected to the base of the phototransistor, and the phototriode generates a photocurrent and conducts it. After the whole barcode is scanned, the photosensitive triode transforms the barcode into an electrical pulse signal, which is amplified and shaped to form a pulse column, and then processed by the computer to complete the identification of the barcode information.
3. Product counter
When the product runs on the conveyor belt, it constantly blocks the optical path from the light source to the photoelectric sensor, so that the photoelectric pulse circuit generates electrical pulse signals one by one. Every time the product is shading, the photoelectric sensor circuit generates a pulse signal, so the number of pulses output represents the number of products, which is counted by the counting circuit and displayed by the display circuit.
4. Photoelectric smoke alarm
When there is no smoke, the light emitted by the light-emitting diode travels in a straight line, and the phototriode does not receive a signal. There is no output, when there is smoke, the light emitted by the light-emitting diode is refracted by the smoke particles, so that the transistor receives the light, there is a signal output, and an alarm is issued.
5. Measure the rotational speed
The rotating shaft of the motor is painted with black and white two colors, when rotating, the reflected light and the non-reflected light appear alternately, the photoelectric sensor receives the reflected signal of the light correspondingly intermittently, and outputs the intermittent electrical signal, and then amplifies the shaping output square wave signal through the amplifier and the shaping circuit, and finally outputs the speed of the motor by the electronic digital display.
6. The application of photocells in photoelectric detection and automatic control
When photocells are used as photoelectric detectors, their basic principles are the same as those of photodiodes, but their basic structures and manufacturing processes are not the same. Since the photocell does not need an external voltage to work; It has been widely used in photoelectric readout, photoelectric coupling, grating ranging, laser collimation, film sound reproduction, ultraviolet light monitor and gas turbine flameout protection device.
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