The static characteristics of a sensor refer to the correlation between the output and input of the sensor for the static input signal. Since the input quantity and the output quantity are independent of the moment, the relationship between them, that is, the static characteristics of the sensor, can be depicted by an algebraic equation without the time variable, or by drawing the characteristic curve with the input quantity as the abscissa and the corresponding output quantity as the ordinate.
The main parameters that characterize the static characteristics of the sensor are: linearity, sensitivity, hysteresis, repeatability, drift, etc.
1. Linearity: refers to the degree to which the practical relationship curve between the output and input of the sensor violates the fitting line. The boundary is the ratio of the maximum deviation between the practice characteristic curve and the fitted line over the full scale range to the full-scale output.
2. Sensitivity: Sensitivity is an important goal of the static characteristics of the sensor. It is said to be the ratio of the increment of the output to the corresponding increment of the input that caused the increment. S is used to indicate sensitivity.
3. Hysteresis: The phenomenon that the input and output characteristic curves of the sensor do not coincide during the change of the input amount from small to large (positive stroke) and input quantity from large to small (reverse stroke) becomes hysteresis. For input signals of the same size, the output signals of the forward and reverse strokes of the sensor are not equal, and this difference is called the hysteresis difference.
4. Repeatability: Repeatability refers to the degree of inconsistency of the characteristic curve obtained by the sensor when the input quantity is continuously and repeatedly changed in the full scale in the same direction.
5. Drift: The drift of the sensor refers to the fact that the output of the sensor changes with the time under the condition that the input amount remains unchanged, which is called drift. There are two reasons for the drift: one is the structural parameters of the sensor itself; The second is the surrounding environment (such as temperature, humidity, etc.).
6. Resolution: When the input of the sensor is slowly added from a non-zero value, the output produces an observable change after exceeding a certain increment, and this input increment is called the resolution of the sensor, that is, the minimum input increment.
7. Threshold: When the input of the sensor is slowly added from the zero value, the output will produce an observable change after reaching a certain value, and this input value is called the threshold voltage of the sensor.
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