Servo motor refers to the engine that controls the operation of mechanical components in the servo system, and is a kind of auxiliary motor indirect transmission device. The servo motor can make the control speed, the position accuracy is very accurate, and the voltage signal can be converted into torque and speed to drive the control object. The rotor speed of the servo motor is controlled by the input signal, and can respond quickly, in the automatic control system, used as an actuator, and has the characteristics of small electromechanical time constant, high linearity, starting voltage, etc., and can convert the received electrical signal into angular displacement or angular velocity output on the motor shaft.
DC servo motor and AC servo motor
It is divided into two categories: DC and AC servo motors, and its main feature is that there is no rotation phenomenon when the signal voltage is zero, and the speed decreases uniformly with the increase of torque.
DC servo motor, it comprises stator, rotor core, motor shaft, servo motor winding commutator, servo motor winding, speed motor winding, speed motor commutator, described rotor core is laminated and fixed on motor shaft by silicon steel punching sheet.
The structure of the AC servo motor can be mainly divided into two parts, namely the stator part and the rotor part. The structure of the stator is basically the same as that of the resolver, and a two-phase winding with an electric angle of 90 degrees is also placed in the center of the stator. One of them is the excitation winding, the other is the control winding, and the AC servo motor is a two-phase AC motor.
Comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the two
DC servo motors are divided into brushed and brushless motors, brushed motors have low cost, simple structure, large starting torque, wide range of speed regulation, easy control, and need maintenance, but easy maintenance (change carbon brushes), will produce electromagnetic interference, and have requirements for the environment. Therefore, it can be used in cost-sensitive general industrial and civil applications. The brushless motor is small in size, light in weight, large in output, fast in response, high in speed, small in inertia, smooth in rotation and stable in torque.
The DC servo motor is easy to achieve intelligence, and its electronic commutation mode is flexible, which can be square wave commutation or sine wave commutation. The motor is maintenance-free, there is no carbon brush loss, high efficiency, low operating temperature, low noise, low electromagnetic radiation, long life, and can be used in various environments.
The speed control characteristics of the AC servo motor are good, smooth control can be achieved in the entire speed range, almost no oscillation, high efficiency of more than 90%, less heating, high-speed control, high-precision position control (depending on the accuracy of the encoder), and constant torque, low inertia, low noise, no brush wear, and maintenance-free (suitable for dust-free and explosive environments) in the rated operating area. AC servo motor is also a brushless motor, divided into synchronous and asynchronous motors, synchronous motors are generally used in motion control at present, its power range is large, the power can be very large, large inertia, the maximum speed is low, the speed decreases uniformly with the increase of power, and is suitable for low-speed and stable operation occasions.
The disadvantage of AC servo motor is that the control is more complex, the drive parameters need to be adjusted on site to determine the PID parameters, and more connections are needed to support its operation.
Comparison of the application fields of the two
DC servo motors are used in various digital control systems for actuator drives and power drives that require precise control of constant speed or speed change curves. Because the DC servo motor not only has a series of advantages such as simple structure, reliable operation and convenient maintenance of the AC motor, but also has the characteristics of high operating efficiency, no excitation loss and good speed regulation performance of the DC motor, it is increasingly popular in various fields of the national economy today, such as medical equipment, instrumentation, chemical industry, textile and household appliances.
AC servo drive can be used for occasions where the control accuracy of position, speed and torque is relatively high. Such as machine tools, printing equipment, packaging equipment, textile equipment, laser processing equipment, robots, electronics, pharmaceuticals, financial equipment, automated production lines, etc. Because servo is mostly used in positioning and speed control occasions, servo is also called motion control.
summary
Whether it is a DC servo motor or an AC servo motor, it is a kind of service motor, and its characteristics determine the different application fields, complement each other in the actual application scenarios, and want to assist each other. There are so many applications for servo motors. As long as there is a power source, and there are requirements for accuracy, servo motors may be involved. Such as CNC machine tools, printing equipment, packaging equipment, textile equipment, laser processing equipment, robots, automated production lines and other equipment with relatively high requirements for process accuracy, processing efficiency and work reliability, including your computer.
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