Rexroth Hydraulic Pumps - Classification of Piston Pumps and Their Detailed Description

Create Date: 2024-8-30 12:03:23|Source: Rexroth/Rexroth

1. Classification of piston pumps

Piston pumps are generally divided into single piston pumps, horizontal piston pumps, axial piston pumps and radial piston pumps

1. Single piston pump

It is mainly composed of an eccentric wheel, a plunger, a spring, a cylinder block and two check valves. A closed volume is formed between the plunger and the cylinder bore. When the eccentric wheel rotates, the plunger moves once on both sides to suck the oil downwards and drain the oil upwards. The amount of oil discharged per revolution of the pump is called displacement, and the displacement is only related to the structural parameters of the pump

2. Horizontal piston pump

The horizontal piston pump consists of multiple plungers (usually 3 or 6), and the hydraulic pumps are installed in parallel. The crankshaft directly pushes the plunger to reciprocate through the connecting rod slider or eccentric shaft to achieve liquid suction and discharge. They also use valve-type flow distribution devices, most of which are fixed pumps, and emulsion pumps in coal mine hydraulic support systems are generally horizontal piston pumps. The emulsion pump is used for the coal mining face, it is the liquid, and the pressure support provides the emulsion. Its working principle is that the rotation of the crankshaft drives the piston to reciprocate to achieve the absorption and discharge of liquid

3. Axial

Axial piston pump (English name: piston pump) is a type of piston pump in which the reciprocating direction of the piston or plunger is parallel to the central shaft of the cylinder.

Axial piston pumps work using volume changes caused by the reciprocating motion of the plunger in the plunger bore parallel to the propeller shaft. Since both the plunger and plunger bore are round parts, high-precision matching is possible, resulting in high volumetric efficiency.

4. Straight axis rotating swash plate

Straight shaft rotary swash plate piston pumps are divided into pressure supply type and self-priming type. Most pressure-fed hydraulic pumps use a tank with air pressure. After each start of the machine, the hydraulic oil tank with air pressure supply cannot operate the machine until the hydraulic oil tank reaches the working air pressure

If the machine is started when the air pressure in the hydraulic tank is insufficient, it will pull down the sliding shoe in the hydraulic pump, causing abnormal wear and tear on the return plate and pressure plate in the pump body

5. Radial

Radial piston pumps can be divided into valve distribution and shaft distribution

Radial piston pumps with valve distribution have the disadvantages of high failure rate and low efficiency. The axial flow radial piston pump developed in the seventies and eighties of the last century overcame the shortcomings of the valve flow radial piston pump. Due to the structural characteristics of radial pumps, fixed axial flow distribution radial piston pumps have the advantages of impact resistance, long service life and high control accuracy

Under the action of variable plunger and limit plunger, by changing the eccentricity of the stator, the displacement of the variable stroke short pump is realized, the maximum eccentricity is 5-9mm (depending on the displacement), and the variable stroke is very short. In addition, the variable mechanism is designed for high-pressure operation and is controlled by a control valve, so the pump has a fast response speed.

The radial structure design overcomes the problem of eccentric wear of the sliding shoe of the axial piston pump, and greatly improves its impact resistance.

6. Hydraulic

The hydraulic piston pump is a hydraulic oil tank supplied by air pressure, and after each start of the machine, the machine can only be operated after the hydraulic oil tank reaches the working air pressure. Straight shaft rotary swash plate piston pumps are divided into pressure supply type and self-priming type

Most pressure supply hydraulic pumps use an oil tank with air pressure, and some hydraulic pumps are equipped with a make-up sub-pump to supply pressure oil to the inlet of the hydraulic pump. The self-priming hydraulic pump has strong self-priming capacity and does not require internal oil supply.
Rexroth Hydraulic Pumps - Classification of Piston Pumps and Their Detailed Description

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