Sensors are used for a variety of measurements, but the difference in measurement accuracy has a great impact on the user, so what are the main factors that affect the measurement accuracy?
Measurement accuracy generally refers to the certain accuracy of the measured value of the analog output. Depending on the echo transmission time, the measurement accuracy of an ultrasonic sensor depends on several physical parameters. These parameters are generally related to air and internal errors.
Environmental impact:
Air Temperature:
Air temperature has a great influence on the measurement accuracy of ultrasonic sensors. After the transmission time of the echo of the ultrasonic pulse is measured, the sensor calculates the distance to the object using the speed of sound. However, due to changes in air temperature, the speed of sound varies by 0.17% per Kelvin. Almost all ultrasonic sensors have a temperature detector to compensate for this effect. This detector measures the ambient temperature, and the sensor modifies the temperature offset associated with the measured value (see Temperature Compensation for details).
Humidity:
At lower room temperatures, the effect of humidity on the speed of sound is negligible. However, at high temperatures, the speed of sound increases with increasing humidity.
Atmospheric pressure:
The speed of sound drops by less than 1% at sea level and at an altitude of 3,000 meters. Atmospheric fluctuations in the specified azimuth are negligible, and the effect on the speed of sound is difficult to measure.
Airflow:
If the policy object has the reflective characteristics of the reflective plate, the general air flow (wind) of 7 kN (50-61.5 km/h) has no effect on the ultrasonic measurement. Stormy climates or hurricanes may cause unstable measurements (signal attenuation). With regard to the change in the speed of sound, no conclusion has been drawn on the convention. This is because the direction and velocity of the airflow change frequently. For example, hot substances, such as hot metals, can cause severe air disturbances. Ultrasound can be loose or violated, with no measurable echo coming back.
Paint Mist:
The paint mist has no significant effect on the operation of the ultrasonic sensor. However, fog does not allow accumulation on the surface of the transducer during operation, preventing it from affecting the sensitivity of the transducer.
External Noise:
External noise is different from the echo of the measured policy and generally does not cause misjudgment. If the interference source is of the same frequency as the ultrasonic sensor, the amplitude of the internal noise must not exceed the amplitude of the policy echo. For example, this kind of thing happens when a silo is filled with stones.
Gas Type:
Our ultrasonic sensors are designed for use in the atmosphere. Working in other gases, such as carbon dioxide, can lead to serious measurement errors or even total loss of function due to errors and attenuation of the speed of sound.
Temperature Compensation:
Ultrasonic sensors use the method principle of echo transmission time, i.e., to measure the time distance between the time when the ultrasonic pulse is emitted and the echo is measured. Ultrasonic sensors use the speed of sound to calculate the distance between the object. When the sound is transmitted in the air, the speed of sound is about 344 m/s at room temperature. But. The speed of sound is temperature-dependent, about 17% for every degree Celsius increase. Most of our ultrasonic sensors can be used for temperature planning from -25° C to +70° C.
Without temperature compensation and a measuring distance of 100 cm, a temperature change of 20° C results in an error of -8.5 cm at 70° C and an error of +7.65 cm at -25° C.
As a result, most ultrasonic sensors are equipped with a temperature detector for distance measurement. This compensation can be performed within the operation plan of the ultrasonic sensor from -25° C to +70° C and the measurement accuracy of ± 1.5% is obtained.
Precision:
Accuracy/certainty refers to the difference between the output value and the measured value, which is the distance between the measured object measured by the ultrasonic sensor. From a practical point of view, in industrial use, ultrasonic sensors can achieve a certain accuracy of 1% to 3% under the operation planning range of -25° to +70° C. High accuracy can be achieved under very stable environmental conditions. In this case, the temperature compensation can be enclosed.
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