Any sensor made by using magnetic properties and magnetic flux changes is called a magnetic sensor. There are two common types of magnetic sensors: piezomagnetic sensors and magnetoelectric sensors. The two types of sensors are quite different in terms of operating principle and range of use.
Piezomagnetic sensors
Compared with other sensors, piezomagnetic sensors have the advantages of high output power, strong anti-interference ability, high precision, good linearity, long life, easy maintenance, and low operating conditions (it can operate for a long time in an environment with dust, water and corrosive gases). Therefore, it is very suitable for heavy industry and chemical industry use, and it is a very promising sensor. Now, this sensor has been successfully used in metallurgy, mining, papermaking, printing, transportation and other industrial sectors, especially in various automation systems to measure the rolling force of the rolling mill, the tension of the steel belt, the quantitative active lifting of the winch, the tension of the paper, the active weighing of the crane lifting, the weighing of the batching hopper, the cutting force of the metal cutting process and the safety maintenance of the elevator.
Magnetoelectric sensors
Magnetoelectric sensors are mostly used to measure parameters such as velocity, acceleration, displacement, vibration, and torque. A transducer that converts the measured parameters into induced electromotive force is called a magnetoelectric sensor or inductive sensor. Magnetoelectric sensors are based on the movement of wires in a magnetic field to generate an induced electromotive force. According to the law of electromagnetic induction, the induced electromotive force e of a coil with W turns is proportional to the changing velocity of the magnetic flux Φ passing through the coil, i.e
If the mechanical quantity directly controls the change of the magnetic flux of the cross-chain of the sensor coil, the sensor can directly convert the speed of the mechanical motion into an electrical signal proportional to it without going through the central conversion element.
When the structure of the sensor is punctual, the magnetic inductance intensity and the total length of the coil L are constant, so the induced electromotive force is proportional to the relative velocity of the coil to the magnetic field. Therefore, the magnetoelectric sensor can only be used to determine the linear velocity or angular velocity, but because the velocity and the displacement (or acceleration) are only one integral (or differential) connection, if an integral circuit is connected to the measurement circuit in the induced electromotive force, then the output electromotive force is proportional to the displacement; If a differential circuit is connected to the measurement circuit, the output electromotive force is proportional to the acceleration of the motion. In this way, magnetoelectric sensors can be used to measure the displacement and acceleration of motion in addition to velocity. In addition to the amplitude of the electromotive force, the output of the magnetoelectric sensor can also be the frequency value of the output electromotive force, such as the magnetoelectric tachometer is an example.
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