What is a real RMS?

Create Date: 2024-8-30 12:03:23|Source: FLUKE

A true RMS device (RMS = Root Mean Square) is one of three tools that can measure alternating current (AC) or alternating voltage:

RMS Digital Multimeter (or Clamp Meter)

Average Response Digital Multimeter (or Clamp Meter)

oscillograph

Only the first two tools are commonly used, and both of them can accurately measure standard (pure AC) sine waveforms.

However, a true RMS table is widely preferred, as it is the only one that can accurately measure sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal AC waveforms.

Sine (sinusoidal) waves: pure, distortion-free, with symmetrical transitions between peaks and valleys.

Non-sinusoidal waves: Waves with twisted, irregular patterns – spike waves, burst bursts, squares, triangles, zigzag waves, and other irregular or angular waves.

How to calculate valid values

As mentioned earlier, RMS = root mean square. Although its formula is difficult to master, it actually calculates the equivalent direct current (DC) value of the AC waveform. More strictly, it determines the "effective", or DC calorific value, of any AC waveform.

An average response meter uses a mathematical averaging formula to accurately measure a pure sine wave. It can measure non-sine waves, but the accuracy is uncertain.

A more advanced true rms meter can accurately measure both pure waves and more complex non-sine waves. Waveforms can be distorted by nonlinear loads, such as variable speed drives or computers. An averager trying to measure a twisted wave can be as low as 40% or as high as 10% in its calculations.
What is a real RMS?
Where to measure true RMS

In recent years, the need for true rms meters has increased due to the greatly increased potential for non-sine waves in circuits. Some examples:

Variable speed motor drives

Electronic ballasts

Computer

HVAC

Solid-state environment

In these environments, the current comes in the form of short pulses rather than the smooth sine waves produced by standard induction motors. The current waveform has a significant effect on the current clamp reading. In addition, true RMS meters are a better choice for measurements on power lines where the AC characteristics are unknown.

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