Preface:
Before talking about the requirements and limits of the national standard for harmonic voltage, let's first clarify why the national standard should limit the harmonic voltage?
Mainly due to the impact of excessive voltage harmonics on the load and power supply equipment:
1. Cause abnormal heating of electrical equipment (motors, transformers, etc.), and the skin effect of higher harmonics will cause overheating of cables, excessive temperature, and the performance of insulating materials will gradually decline until failure, resulting in leakage, equipment damage and other bad results
2. It will cause resonance, damage the capacitor cabinet, affect the normal power supply of the enterprise, and even lead to production loss
3. Affect the achievement of energy-saving goals, reduce the conversion efficiency of electric energy, etc
Relevant standards and key terms:
In 1994,
GB/T 14549-93 "Power Quality Harmonics of Utility Grid" promulgated!
This standard specifies the allowable values of harmonics in the public grid and their test methods.
Suitable for: public power grid with AC rated frequency of 50Hz and nominal voltage of 110kV and below. The public grid with a nominal voltage of 220 kV is executed with reference to 110 kV.
Not suitable for:
- Transient phenomena and short-time harmonics
- In-house power quality testing
Key terms:
1. Point of Common Coupling, referred to as PCC point
The connection where the user is connected to the public power grid
2. Harmonic test points
Where harmonics are measured for the grid and users
3. Fundamental (component)
Fourier series decomposition of the periodic AC yields a component with the same frequency as the power frequency
4. Harmonics (components)
The Fourier series decomposition of the periodic AC volume yields a component of an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency greater than 1
5. harmonic order(h)
The integer ratio of the harmonic frequency to the fundamental frequency.
6. Harmonic content (voltage or current) Harmonics Component
The amount obtained by subtracting the fundamental component from the periodic AC volume
7. Harmonic Ratio (IHR)
The ratio (expressed as a percentage) of the root-mean-square value of the h-th harmonic component contained in the periodic alternating quantity to the root-mean-square value of the fundamental component, and the h-th voltage and current harmonics are expressed by HRUh and HRIh, respectively
8. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
Root-mean-square ratio of the harmonic component in a periodic alternating quantity to the root-mean-square value of its fundamental component (expressed as a percentage)
The following table shows the limits of the total harmonic distortion rate and the voltage content rate of each harmonic under each voltage level of the public power grid specified in the national standard:
Due to the popularity of power electronic nonlinear loads and the increasing power of power supply enterprises in the past 20 years; The proportion of new energy power generation such as photovoltaic, wind power, and energy storage continues to reach a new high, and the hazards and measurement and evaluation of high-frequency harmonics have gradually attracted attention and research. Fluke's new power quality analyzer is a measuring instrument that integrates many new technologies and adds new functions such as ultra-harmonics.
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