An inverter is usually a device that replaces a constant voltage and frequency with a constant voltage or frequency for a variable voltage. However, in the application, the inverter will inevitably present shortcomings, and when analyzing the shortcomings of the problem, in order to deal with the shortcomings well and quickly, sometimes if you know the components of the main line of the inverter, it will be very helpful to analyze and deal with the shortcomings. So let's analyze the components of the main line of the inverter.
First, the exchange-straight replacement part
1. VD1-VD6 forms a three-phase rectifier bridge to change the communication to DC. If the three-phase line voltage is UL, the rectified DC voltage UD is: UD=1.35UL
2. Effect of filter capacitor CF:
(1) Filter out the voltage ripple after full-wave rectification;
(2) When the load changes, the DC voltage is firmly equal.
Because of the capacitance and withstand voltage, the filter circuit is usually composed of several capacitors connected in parallel and two capacitor banks in series. Because the characteristics of the two groups of capacitors may not be identical, a voltage divider resistors RC1 and RC2 with equal resistance values are connected in parallel on each capacitor group.
3. Current limiting resistor RL and switch SL
RL effect: the inverter just closes the gate and the impulse current is relatively large, and the effect is that within a period of time after closing the gate, the current flows through the RL, and the charging current of the capacitor CF is within a certain range.
SL effect: When the CF is charged to a certain voltage, the SL closes, shorting the RL. Some drives use thyristors instead (shown by the dotted line).
4. Power indication HL
Effect: In addition to being used as an indication of the power on of the inverter, it is also used as an indication of whether the inverter has electricity after the inverter is powered off (the operation such as removing the thread can be carried out only after the light is off).
Second, the energy consumption circuit part
1. Braking resistance RB
In the process of frequency drop, the inverter will be in a regenerative braking condition, and the regenerated electrical energy will be stored in the capacitor CF, so that the DC voltage will continue to rise, and even reach a very risky level. The effect of RB is to consume this part of the feedback energy. Some inverters have external terminals (e.g. DB+, DB-).
2. Brake unit VB: It is composed of GTR or IGBT and its driving circuit. The effect is to supply a path for the discharge current IB to flow through the RB.
3. Straight-to-hand replacement part
1. Inverter V1-V6: form an inverter bridge to invert the DC rectified DC of VD1-VD6 into communication electricity. This is the heart of the drive.
2. Freewheeling diode VD7-VD12
Effect:
(1) The motor is a rational load, and there is a reactive power component in its current, which provides a "channel" for the reactive current to return to the DC power supply;
(2) When the frequency drops and the motor is in the regenerative braking condition, the regenerative current returns to the DC circuit after rectifying through VD7-VD12;
(3) In the process of V1-V6 inverter, the two inverters of the same bridge arm are constantly in the conduction and cut-off state. In this commutation process, the VD7-VD12 supply path is also required.
Fourth, snubber circuit
At the moment of conduction and discrimination, the change rate of voltage and current of the inverter is relatively large, and the whole inverter may be damaged. Therefore, a snubber circuit is also connected around each inverter, which has the effect of slowing down the rate of change of voltage and current.
1、C01——C06
The voltage between collector C and emitter E will rapidly rise from 0V to DC voltage UD every time the inverter V1-V6 is discriminated from on-on to cut-off. An excessively high voltage growth rate will lead to damage to the inverter. The effect of C01-C06 is to reduce the excessive voltage growth rate of the inverter from conduction to cut-off to avoid inverter damage.
2、R01——R06
At the moment when the inverter V1-V6 is turned on to cut-off, the voltage charged by C01-C06 (equal to UD) discharges V1-V6. The initial value of this discharge current is large and is superimposed on the load current, resulting in damage to the inverter. The effect of R01-R06 is the discharge current of C01-C06 of the inverter at the moment of conduction.
3、VD01——VD06
The access of R01-R06 will affect the effect of C01-C06 in reducing the voltage growth rate when V1-V6 is turned off. After VD01-VD06 is connected, R01-R06 has no effect during the shutdown process of V1-V6; In the process of V1-V6 connection, the discharge current of C01-C06 is forced to flow through R01-R06.
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