Piston pumps are generally divided into single piston pumps, horizontal piston pumps, axial piston pumps and radial piston pumps.
Single piston pump
The structure consists of an eccentric wheel, a plunger, a spring, a cylinder block, and two check valves. A closed volume is formed between the plunger and the cylinder bore. The eccentric wheel rotates once, the plunger reciprocates up and down once, moves downward to absorb oil, and moves upward to drain oil. The volume of oil discharged by the pump per revolution is called the displacement, and the displacement is only related to the structural parameters of the pump.
Horizontal piston pumps
The horizontal piston pump is a hydraulic pump that is installed in parallel with several plungers (generally 3 or 6) and uses one crankshaft to directly push the plunger through the connecting rod slider or by the eccentric shaft to do reciprocating motion to achieve suction and discharge of liquid. They also all use valved distribution devices, and most of them are fixed displacement pumps. The emulsion pump in the hydraulic support system of the coal mine is generally a horizontal piston pump. The emulsion pump is used for the coal mining face to provide emulsion for the hydraulic support, and the working principle relies on the rotation of the crankshaft to drive the piston to do reciprocating motion to achieve liquid suction and discharge.
Axial
Axial piston pump (English name: Piston pump) is a piston pump with a piston or reciprocating direction of motion parallel to the central axis of the cylinder block. Axial piston pumps work by using the volume change caused by the reciprocating motion of a plunger parallel to the propeller shaft in the plunger bore. Since both the plunger and the plunger bore are round parts, a very high precision fit can be achieved, resulting in high volumetric efficiency.
Straight axis swash plate type
Straight shaft swash plate piston pumps are divided into two types: pressure oil supply type and self-priming oil type. Most of the pressure oil supply hydraulic pumps are oil tanks with air pressure, and the hydraulic oil tanks that rely on air pressure to supply oil must wait for the hydraulic oil tank to reach the air pressure before operating the machinery after starting the machine each time. If the machine is started when the air pressure of the hydraulic oil tank is insufficient, it will cause the slip shoe in the hydraulic pump to pull off, and cause abnormal wear and tear of the return plate and pressure plate in the pump body.
Radial
Radial piston pumps can be divided into two categories: valve distribution and shaft distribution. The valve distribution radial piston pump has the disadvantages of high failure rate and low efficiency. The shaft distribution radial piston pump developed in the 70s and 80s in the world overcame the shortcomings of the valve distribution radial piston pump. Due to the structural characteristics of the radial pump, the fixed shaft distribution radial piston pump is more impact-resistant, longer life and higher control accuracy than the axial piston pump. The variable of the variable stroke short pump is realized by changing the eccentricity of the stator under the action of the variable plunger and the limit plunger, and the maximum eccentricity is 5-9mm (according to the size of the displacement), and the variable stroke is very short. And the variable mechanism is designed for high-pressure operation, which is controlled by the control valve. Therefore, the response speed of the pump is fast. The radial design overcomes problems such as eccentric wear of the sliding shoe of the axial piston pump. Its impact resistance is greatly improved.
Hydraulic
The hydraulic piston pump is a hydraulic oil tank that feeds oil by air pressure, and after each start of the machine, the hydraulic oil tank must wait for the hydraulic oil tank to reach the air pressure before operating the machine. Straight shaft swash plate piston pumps are divided into two types: pressure oil supply type and self-priming oil type. Most of the pressure oil supply hydraulic pumps use oil tanks with air pressure, and there are also hydraulic pumps with oil replenishment sub-pumps to provide pressure oil to the oil inlet of the hydraulic pump. The self-priming hydraulic pump has a strong self-priming capacity and does not require external oil supply.
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