The servo control system is an operating system that can automatically control the mechanical movement of the test device according to the predetermined requirements. There are many classification methods for servo systems, and there are three common classification methods:
1. Classification according to the characteristics of the controlled parameters.
2. Classification according to the type of driving elements: The servo control system can be divided into electromechanical servo system, hydraulic servo system (hydraulic control system) and pneumatic servo system according to the type of control element used.
3. Classification according to control principle: servo system can be divided into open-loop control servo system, closed-loop control servo system and semi-closed-loop control servo system.
The four common servo control systems are as follows:
1. Hydraulic servo control system
The hydraulic servo control system is based on the power provided by the motor, and the hydraulic pump is used to convert the mechanical energy into pressure and push the hydraulic oil. By controlling various valves, the flow direction of hydraulic oil is changed, so as to promote the hydraulic cylinder to make different strokes and different directions, and complete the different actions of various equipment. The hydraulic servo control system is divided into machine-liquid, electrical-hydraulic, gas-liquid, etc. according to the different ways of obtaining and transmitting deviation signals, among which the most widely used are machine-hydraulic and electro-hydraulic control systems.
According to the different controlled physical quantities, the hydraulic servo control system can be divided into position control, speed control, force control, acceleration control, pressure control and other physical quantity control. The hydraulic control system can also be divided into throttle control, valve control and volumetric control, pump control. In mechanical equipment, the main organic-hydraulic servo system and electro-hydraulic servo system are the main ones.
2. AC servo control system
The AC servo control system includes an AC servo system based on an asynchronous motor and an AC servo system based on a synchronous motor. In addition to the characteristics of good stability, good speed and high precision, it has a series of advantages. Its performance indicators can be measured from the aspects of speed regulation range, positioning accuracy, speed stabilization accuracy, dynamic response and operation stability.
3. DC servo control system
The working principle of the AC servo control system is based on the law of electromagnetic force. Related to the electromagnetic torque are two independent variables, the main magnetic flux and the armature current, which control the excitation current and armature current respectively, and can easily control the torque and rotational speed. On the other hand, from the control point of view, the control of DC servo is a single-input single-output single-variable control system, and the classical control theory is fully applicable to this system, therefore, it has occupied a dominant position in the feed drive of CNC machine tools by virtue of its simple control and excellent speed regulation performance.
4. Electro-hydraulic servo control system
It is a feedback control system composed of an electrical signal processing device and a hydraulic power mechanism. The most common are electro-hydraulic position servo systems, electro-hydraulic speed control systems, and electro-hydraulic force or torque) control systems.
The above are the four servo systems we commonly use, their working principle and performance and the range of applications are different, each with its own characteristics and advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing or purchasing, it is necessary to select the appropriate product according to the needs of the system, the parameters that need to be controlled and the performance to be achieved.
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